Current Pharmaceutical Design - Online First

This study explores the application of Raman spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying itopride in solid dosage forms with varying concentrations of active ingredients and excipients. Raman spectroscopy provides a non-invasive, rapid, and accurate detection method that is ideal for pharmaceutical analysis.

The Raman spectral features of itopride in solid dosage forms were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis (PLS-RA) as multivariate data analysis techniques.

PCA effectively distinguished Raman spectral data of various itopride drug samples. PLS-RA facilitated quantitative analysis, yielding an R² value of 0.999%, indicating an excellent explanation of model variability. The root mean square error of calibration and prediction were 0.23 mg and 3.02 mg, respectively. Furthermore, PLS-RA accurately determined the active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration in unknown formulations, with a calculated concentration of 79.66/80 mg (w/w) compared to the actual concentration of 80/140 mg (w/w).

These findings demonstrated that the concentration of itopride in pharmaceutical samples using an established Partial Least Squares Regression calibration model can be determined with reliability.

Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The disease often involves internal organs and leads to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. While its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, the disease is considered estrogen-dependent, and reducing estrogen levels is a primary clinical treatment strategy. Despite extensive research and diverse treatment modalities, including surgery and pharmacotherapy, current treatments are associated with significant complications and recurrence. This review aims to explore recent studies on phytoestrogens' therapeutic potential in endometriosis treatment by examining the underlying mechanisms contributing to their efficacy.

An extensive evaluation of Google Scholar and PubMed, utilizing relevant keywords including “Endometriosis, Phytoestrogen, Estrogen, inflammation, pelvic pain, and Infertility” was carried out to assess the potential therapeutic efficacy of phytoestrogens in managing endometriosis, based on recent research findings. This review considered a wide range of studies, including in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies, as well as reviews and research articles, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on this topic.

Phytoestrogens, with their structural similarity to estrogen, have emerged as a novel therapeutic approach. These compounds compete for estrogen receptor binding, displaying anti-estrogenic or weak pro-estrogenic properties upon binding.

Exhibiting anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic properties, phytoestrogens have demonstrated substantial therapeutic potential in endometriosis management. Extensive cellular, animal, and clinical investigations support their therapeutic efficacy.

Endometriosis, a prevalent women's health condition, is associated with persistent pelvic pain and infertility. Despite ongoing research, its precise disease mechanism remains elusive, impeding the discovery of a definitive cure. However, the progression of this disease is driven by three central factors, namely estrogen, progesterone, and inflammatory processes. The current work summarizes an evaluation of hormonal drug therapy in endometriosis, highlighting pathogenesis, clinical studies, and the anticipated role of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic results.

Current information related to endometriosis and the application of AI in its diagnosis and treatment were evaluated through an in-depth literature search in the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine.

The current treatment modalities for this disease encompass drug therapy and surgery. In line with key contributing factors, the first-line pharmaceutical treatment revolves around progestin therapy, which involves administration either alone or in combination with a small amount of estrogen. Each medication is linked to certain drawbacks, encompassing bone loss associated with progesterone-only therapy, considerable cost implications, and heightened risks of bleeding, spotting, and drug intolerance when utilizing combined progesterone-estrogen therapy.

Many clinical studies on endometriosis are currently investigating the overall impact of the therapeutic approach involving progesterone-estrogen therapy with respect to the treatment of pelvic pain, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and tolerability. The rise of artificial intelligence and its advanced data processing capabilities present a promising opportunity to revolutionize endometriosis diagnosis and treatment by offering novel approaches.

Despite recent advances in surgical procedures, postoperative peritoneal adhesions are common following major abdominopelvic surgery. Here, the therapeutic potential of Punica granatum var. pleniflora (PGP) on postoperative peritoneal adhesions has been explored in a rat uterine horn adhesion model.

Eighteen Albino Wistar female rats were divided into three groups: control group, sham, and treatment group receiving 400 mg/kg/day PGP orally for ten days. An identical surgical technique was employed to induce adhesion of the uterine horn in both the control and treatment groups. At the end of the experiments, all rats were re-operated for evaluation of adhesion. The macroscopic evaluation and fibrotic bands scaling were conducted and inflammation and fibrosis were assessed and graded, microscopically. Additionally, the effect of PGP on inflammation and fibrosis was assessed via PCR, ELISA, and histopathology.

PGP could significantly reduce the peritoneal adhesion score (treatment group vs. control group; p<0.001). Histopathological analysis indicated that PGP prevented adhesion formation by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers were decreased following PGP treatment. Furthermore, rats in the treatment group had significantly lower oxidative stress markers in adhesion tissues when compared to the control group.

Oral PGP was associated with reduced peritoneal adhesion formation in rats, postoperatively. This therapy might be an effective and safe strategy for preventing intraperitoneal adhesion after abdominopelvic surgeries.

An essential component of cell development, proliferation, and survival is the transmembrane receptor known as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Dysregulated EGFR signalling is an appealing pathway that has been linked to the genesis and progression of several cancer types. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted drugs that show promise in the fight against cancer. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors obstruct cancer growth and survival signalling pathways by blocking the receptor's tyrosine kinase domain. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have EGFR mutations have shown increased progression-free survival and overall survival rates when treated with EGFR TKIs as compared to conventional chemotherapy, according to many clinical studies.

This review is aimed to present the journey of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, their signalling cascade, and various resistant mechanisms.

The literature search was carried out on electronic databases like PubMed, Medline, etc., by employing search keywords, such as EGFR, EGFR inhibitors, cancer, tyrosine kinase, etc., and data on EGFR signaling pathways and the types of potential inhibitors in a hierarchical manner, followed by various resistance mechanisms that have emerged, were collected.

Drug resistance is still an issue in long-term therapy of patients, even though EGFR TKIs provide substantial therapeutic advantages. Common routes of resistance to EGFR TKIs include acquired resistance mechanisms, which include the development of secondary EGFR mutations and the activation of alternative signalling pathways. To improve the therapeutic effectiveness of EGFR TKIs, future research will center on searching indicators of response and resistance, finding ways to employ these medicines most effectively, and creating new treatment approaches.

This review provides insight into the use of EGFR kinase inhibitors for treating cancer patients and outlines potential advancements in current therapies to develop more effective molecules.