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2000
Volume 32, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 1381-6128
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4286

Abstract

Introduction

Bear bile powder (BBP) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for calming the liver, pacifying the mind, and relieving convulsions, as recorded in and . Although the antidepressant effects of BBP have been previously reported, the underlying neurological mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of BBP on corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression-like behaviors in female mice and to explore the involvement of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway.

Methods

Female mice received subcutaneous CORT injections to induce depression-like behaviors, followed by oral administration of BBP at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments, biochemical analyses, UPLC-MS/MS, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were conducted to evaluate antidepressant effects. Additionally, a CORT-induced HT22 cell injury model was established to assess the neuroprotective mechanisms of BBP, with or without the TrkB antagonist K252a, focusing on the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.

Results

BBP significantly alleviated depression-like behaviors in CORT-treated female mice. It restored neurotransmitter levels, reduced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampal CA3 region, increased DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, and activated hippocampal BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling. , BBP attenuated CORT-induced apoptosis and promoted proliferation in HT22 cells. Applying K252a confirmed that BBP’s neuroprotective and antidepressant effects were mediated the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.

Discussion

These findings suggest that BBP exerts notable antidepressant and neuroprotective effects in female depression models by modulating neurotransmitters and enhancing neurogenesis through the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. Using both and models strengthens the evidence for BBP’s mechanism of action. However, further studies involving additional brain regions and upstream regulatory mechanisms are warranted.

Conclusion

BBP effectively alleviates CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors in female mice by restoring neurotransmitter balance, protecting hippocampal neurons, and promoting neurogenesis the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. These results provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of BBP in managing female depression.

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Bear Bile Powder Alleviates Corticosterone-induced Depression-like Behavior in Female Mice by Protecting Hippocampal Neurons via the BDNF/TrkB/ CREB Pathway
Curr. Pharm. Des. 32, 394 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128369486250519021344
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128369486250519021344
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): bear bile powder; corticosterone; Depression; hippocampal neurons; Western blotting, immunohistochemistry

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