Current Organic Chemistry - Online First

Heterocyclic scaffolds, particularly indole and thiazole compounds, are revolutionizing the treatment of lung diseases due to their structural diversity and broad therapeutic potential. Their ability to target multiple biological pathways positions them as powerful tools for developing innovative treatments for lung disorders, particularly lung cancer. This review systematically explores recent advances in the synthesis and biological evaluation of indole and thiazole derivatives, emphasizing detailed synthetic strategies and the identification of the most potent molecules reported in the studies referenced within this manuscript for their relevance to lung diseases, particularly lung cancer. The SAR studies elucidate the role of molecular features and key functional groups in enhancing the potency, selectivity, and therapeutic efficacy of synthetic indole and thiazole derivatives. Given that lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, the findings highlight the urgent need for developing innovative and effective anti-lung cancer agents, with indole and thiazole scaffolds serving as promising therapeutic frameworks.

This study aimed to synthesize a total of seven halogenated amidostilbenes 3a-3f using the Heck cross-coupling method. The synthesized stilbenes underwent further reactions with Lewis acids, such as FeCl3 and SnCl4, resulting in imines 4 and indolines 5, respectively. The structure of all synthesized compounds was elucidated using FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, XRD, and HRMS analysis. Furthermore, the mechanistic details underlying the formation of both imines and indolines were also discussed.

In India, Ichnocarpous frutescens Linn R. Br. (I. frutescens) is a woody climbing shrub belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Tribes traditionally use it as a substitute for Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus) to treat conditions such as delirium, convulsions, atrophy, diarrhea, measles, splenomegaly, tuberculosis, tumours, and diabetes. It has also been used as a lactagogue, antipyretic, demulcent, diaphoretic, and skin moisturizer. This study aimed to gather information on the phytochemistry, traditional applications, and pharmacological properties of I. frutescens. Various scientific studies have evaluated their phytochemical components and therapeutic potential. Phytochemical studies have identified 28 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids, phytosterols, and other phenolic compounds. Several pharmacological effects of plant extracts have been documented, including anticancer, antiurolithiatic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. Additionally, this review examines the biological mechanisms underlying these pharmacological actions, emphasizing the potential therapeutic applications of the plant. By consolidating the current knowledge, this review serves as a valuable resource for further research and potential utilization of I. frutescens in modern pharmacotherapy, paving the way for future studies to explore its full range of effects and uses.

Efficient synthesis of heterocyclic has always been a very important task in drug discovery. Most of the drugs contain heterocycles to provide an interface between chemistry and biology. Among the various heterocyclic compounds, quinazoline, a heterocyclic compound, offers multiple advantages like pyrimidine, pyridine, piperidine, imidazole, morpholine, quinoline, purine, etc. Many research groups have demonstrated numerous synthesis techniques to harvest the advantage of quinazoline. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the various aspects of the development techniques of quinazoline as industry-oriented application. Various methodologies have been recently developed for the formation of quinazoline moiety. In this review article, the synthetic methods of quinazoline derivatives are classified based on metal-catalysed and miscellaneous synthetic aspects.

In this study, a simple, mild, and environmentally friendly process was used for the pseudo-seven component reaction between readily available benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, isocyano-cyclohexane, and various aldehydes. This rapid method produced the tris-cyclohexylamino-oxo-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylates in relatively acceptable and more reasonable reaction times (10-15 min) and high achievable efficiencies (85-95%) by employing a Passerini reaction. Water was used as an eco-friendly and low-cost solvent for the green synthesis of benzene tris-carboxamides. The reactions were carried out via a Passerini approach at 50ºC for relatively shorter reaction times. The antibacterial action of the synthetic tris-carboxamides was investigated, and some of them gave satisfactory and promising antibacterial results. Target tris-Passerini molecules recrystallized from 96% EtOH. The structures of the resulting molecules were evaluated and confirmed with the help of spectral data and elemental analyses.

This work is devoted to the theoretical study of methylaluminoxanes formed by the interaction of trimethylaluminum with water. The main goal of this work is to identify the most likely molecular form of methylaluminoxane formed in the reaction mixture. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out within the framework of density functional theory, at the PBE0/def2-TZVP level. The work analyzes the thermodynamic parameters of the reactions of the formation of various structures of methylaluminoxanes. On the base of the obtained results, it was concluded that the most probable structure formed in the reaction mixture under real synthesis conditions should be considered Al2O(CH3)4.

Natural compounds are pivotal sources for synthesizing a vast array of biologically active substances in chemistry. Camphor is one of these substances, and both enantiomers are readily obtainable and play significant roles in various synthetic and therapeutic applications. This mini-review provides information on a few synthetic routes for camphor production that have been documented over time. It presents several rearrangements that this chemical and its derivatives can undergo to showcase possible starting points for new compounds that may have biological activity.

Pyridines/Dihydropyridines is a basic 6-membered organic aza-heterocyclic compound that has garnered the attention of many researchers in recent times. These molecules have been reported with a diverse range of pharmacological activities like anti-coagulant, antileishmanial and anti-trypanosomal, antitubercular agents, anti-microbial, antioxidant, HIV-1 protease inhibitors, anti-cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. This review article focuses on different protocols for the Hantzsch reaction using acid catalysts, metal catalysts, and no catalysts for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives. The structure-activity relationship in relation to other biological activities of various pyridine-containing drugs and their interaction with different targets (receptors) has also been highlighted to provide a good understanding to researchers for future research on pyridines.

To improve the activity of isatin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as anticancer agents, new derivatives of isatin-thiosemicarbazone-1,2,3-triazoles 9-16 were designed and synthesized via the condensation of isatin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids 1-8 with thiosemicarbazide. Spectral and elemental analysis confirmed the structure of the prepared derivatives 9-16. Also, as anticancer agents, the latter derivatives were screened against three human cancerous cell lines: human lung fibroblast (WI38), colorectal carcinoma colon cancer (HCT-116), and mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7). Doxorubicin, a standard control, was used to compare viable cell percentages and IC50 values. In general, derivatives 12 and 16 revealed a higher potency against the three human cancerous cell lines. Finally, the molecular descriptors of compounds 12 and 16 were correlated with their observed cytotoxicity.

This review article explores the direct oxidation of primary alcohols into carboxylic acids, highlighting its importance in organic synthesis for producing valuable chemicals in a sustainable and efficient manner. Carboxylic acids are widely employed in a wide range of applications, encompassing food preservatives, insecticides, dye intermediates, coatings, plasticizers, spices, flavors, scents, and a variety of industries such as polymers, solvents, and medications. This review article covers recent advancements in catalytic systems, including catalysts based on transition metals, organocatalysts, nanocatalysts, and electrochemical methods. It examines the impact of reaction conditions such as solvents, temperature, and substrate scope on these processes. The review also delves into mechanistic insights and recent developments in tandem and cascade reactions, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of current strategies and future research directions in this field.