Current Protein and Peptide Science - Online First

Introduction Membraneless organelles, such as nucleoli, stress granules, and P-bodies, are not enclosed by lipid membranes; rather, they are formed through a process known as liquid-liquid phase separation. To fully understand the biophysics behind the formation and regulation of these organelles, knowledge that has significant implications for cellular biology and disease research, the creation of phase diagrams is essen Read More

Proteomics holds immense significance in fundamental and applied research in various fields, including life sciences, medicinal sciences, and pharmaceutical sciences. The rapid development of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies has facilitated MS-based proteomics research, which has emerged as one of the primary methods for determining the composition, structures, and functions of proteins. The necessity of proces Read More

Neurodegenerative diseases are brought on by the loss of function of nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system and afflict millions of people worldwide. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. These neurodegenerative diseases are multi-factorial, progressive, age-related, and influenced by two factors: genetic and environmental. Successful treatment o Read More

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as promising candidates for neoantigen vaccine development due to their unique structural stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and immunostimulatory properties. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs exhibit exonuclease resistance, prolonged antigen expression, and increased activation of innate immune receptors such as RIG-I and MDA5, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immun Read More

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but because the receptor protein of this virus can appear not only in the lungs and throat but also in various parts of the host's body, it causes different diseases. Recent observations have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 damages the central nervous system of patients in a manner similar to amyloid-associated neurodege Read More

Gastric cancer remains one of the leading cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the research advances, many challenges persist because the diseases are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a complex treatment protocol. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery pose several side effects and low efficiency. The growing worldwide interest in herbal products, particularly, their Read More

Recently, a new type of cow’s milk has been commercialized in the markets, called A2 milk. It is derived from a specific allelic composition on chromosome 6. The only difference between A1 and A2 milk results from the polymorphism at the 67 amino acid chain. In this position, A2 milk has a proline amino acid, while A1 milk has a histidine amino acid. Proteins are one of the most important components of milk, especially ca Read More

Schizophrenia is now diagnosed mostly based on symptoms and physical signs rather than the patient's pathological and physiological markers. While oncologists once felt satisfied when their patients experienced a long remission, today, they are leading research into innovative treatments with molecularly targeted drugs, as well as strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and alleviate symptoms as the disease advances. Read More

Background Dihydropyrimidinase (DPYS), a pivotal enzyme in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, has been increasingly studied for its potential role in cancer therapy. While its presence has been noted in various cancers, its specific impact on sarcoma (SARC) still needs to be fully understood. Objective This study sought to explore the correlation between DPYS expression and SARC, utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Read More

Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic organisms with an electron transport chain consisting of four complexes (i.e., CI, CII, CIII, and CIV) on the inner membrane, which have functions such as providing energy, electron transport, and generating proton gradients. NADH dehydrogenase type 2 (NDH-2), widely found in bacterial, plant, fungal and protist mitochondria, is a nonproton-pumping single-subunit enzyme bound to the s Read More