Current Bioactive Compounds - Current Issue

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which inflammation occurs in the synovial joint and synovial membrane, and in severe condition, it leads to erosion of cartilage and bone. The etiology of RA is still indescribable; generally, RA is a multifactorial disease, wherein complex interactions between patients and different factors such as environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors determine the overall risk of disease. RA is classified based on the stage of disease. Treatment for RA is still a challenge for doctors and researchers. Effective treatment for RA can be achieved by decreasing disease activity or reduction of RA to other patients using currently available treatment options. This article gives a comprehensive perspective of data regarding different signaling pathways involved in RA development, factors affecting RA, stages of RA, and other treatments of RA. This article also suggests future research perspectives that would be helpful for the development of RA treatment (medicine) with more efficacy, safety profiles, and lower financial costs.

The 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus is a biologically necessary scaffold that exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities. The broad and strong activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and their derivatives has established them as significant pharmacological scaffolds, particularly in the treatment of cancer disease. A number of di-, tri-, aromatic, and heterocyclic substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have been reported to possess potent biological activities; these substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles had different mechanisms of action and contributed to the development of biologically active drugs. This review is intended to supplement previous reviews by reviewing the literature on the different activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives from the last fifteen years. 1,3,4-oxadiazole can be produced in a number of ways and has a wide range of possible pharmacological uses. As a result, scientists have created novel procedures for the production of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and their use in medicine presently. Anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, antifungal, and other properties are among the activities. In this review, we discussed various research works based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives synthetic procedure and assessment of different biological activities. Many researchers may find the material on this page helpful, which could lead to the discovery of new medicinal species for society.

Buxus is an evergreen shrub of the Buxaceae family. A comprehensive survey of the literature has been conducted, revealing that alkaloids are the predominant metabolites characterized by their noteworthy biological activities. Of particular interest are the alkaloids that have exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against various cell lines, including HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, SW480, ES2, and A2780 cell lines. CVB-D, buxbodine B, and buxmicrophyllines F can inhibit the growth of tumor cells and induce tumor cell apoptosis. This paper reviews the chemical constituents, antitumor effect, and mechanism of Buxus alkaloids in recent years so as to provide a reference for its further development and utilization of medicinal plants of the genus Buxus.

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, ranking among the leading causes of illness and mortality in women worldwide. Despite the effectiveness of conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), radiation therapy (RT), and targeted therapies, these approaches often fall short in providing a cure for advanced-stage patients and frequently result in adverse side effects. This limitation drives the ongoing search for therapeutic natural compounds with minimal or no side effects. Alkaloids, in particular, have garnered attention for their broad spectrum of therapeutic properties against various malignancies, including breast cancer. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of 14 selected alkaloids that have been tested in in vitro and some in vivo models of breast cancer along by focusing on their mechanistic actions targeting key molecular signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. Majorly, the capability of alkaloids to induce cell cycle arrest, pro-apoptotic mechanisms via modulating various molecular signaling pathways were discussed. Notably, pathways such as the intrinsic and extrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB cascades were highlighted. Insights into conclusion the isoquinoline and indole derivatives, particularly berberine, piperine, capsaicin, matrine, and harmine, have demonstrated significant potential effects and these compounds also exhibited the ability to overcome drug resistance, and shown synergistic effects with conventional therapies. Finally, this comprehensive review could provide an overall insight into the application of these alkaloid compounds towards the prevention of breast cancer and a foundation for future studies aimed at improving their clinical effectiveness, offering valuable prospects.

Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani are some important traditional healing systems of India having long back evidence-based rejuvenation therapies addressing various infertility and reproductive disorders. Surprisingly, the United Nations has revealed data on infertility that show that it affects around one in every six individuals, highlighting the utmost importance of actively questioning and confronting the misunderstanding and lack of discussion related to infertility. Even though allopathic drugs like Clomiphene citrate, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Human Chronic Gonadotropin (hCG), and Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hPG) are available on the market, there are a range of traditional and indigenous medical techniques that have been used for millennia to promote and cure health, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani to deliver safe and potent drugs having reproductive rejuvenation with proven evidence. Various botanicals are proven to heal both male and female infertility issues with clinical evidence due to the presence of various potent phytochemicals. Hence this review critically assesses the evidence-based literature focused on the mapping of botanical sources, phytochemicals, reproductive pharmacology, and their clinical evidence.

The family Lamiaceae includes the genus Lavandula, which is widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region, including France, Spain, and Italy. The plant forms dense clumps that are roughly 40-60 cm tall. The reference genome for “Jingxun 2,” an excellent cultivar of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) was developed by a research team in China. Lavandula which contains tannins, phytosterols, coumarins, herniarins, ursolic acid, sugars, valeric acid, glycolic acid, coumaric acid, anthocyanins, minerals, and essential oils. Lavender oil can also help with many kinds of health problems because it has many bioactive ingredients, such as linalool, lavandulol, anthocyanins, geraniol, ursolic acids, linalyl acetate, valeric acid, 1,8-cineole, borneol, lavandulyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, camphor, phytosterols, coumaric acid, and glycolic acid. The genus Lavender exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidants, antiparasitic, and neuroprotective properties. Recent studies have demonstrated the numerous biological activities of Lavandula, but we still need to develop new medications that harness the components of this plant to treat a variety of illnesses. This study covers various recent advancements in the use of Lavender and its phytochemicals by using various search engines, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.

Considering that cancer is a disease that affects people all over the world, there has been a movement in the focus of scientific and research efforts towards substances that are acquired from natural sources. It has been demonstrated that the identification of pharmaceuticals originating from plants has proven to be particularly beneficial in the process of producing anticancer therapies such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, and irinotecan. Additionally, marine sources have provided substances such as cytarabine and aplidine, and microbes have developed important drugs such as dactinomycin, doxorubicin, and bleomycin with their anticancer qualities. The purpose of this review is to highlight the fact that active components derived from natural sources present significant opportunities for the discovery of not only completely new categories of anticancer medicines but also novel precursor chemical compounds. The purpose of this article is to review naturally isolated anticancer medications from a wide range of agents that can be derived from a wide range of natural resources, such as bacteria, marine organisms, and plants.