Technology
Progress on One-dimensional Vanadium Pentoxide-based Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Storage
One-dimensional (1D) vanadium-based nanostructures have advantageous properties and are showing emerging critical applications in the fields of catalysis smart devices and electrochemical energy storage. We herein timely gave an overview of the 1D vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)-based nanomaterials for these promising applications especially regarding the merits of different synthetic methods structures and properties combined with recent research frontiers and patents in advanced energy storage including batteries supercapacitors and the like. The high capacity high rate and flexibility of 1D V2O5-based nanomaterials endow them with great potential in high-energy-density high-power energy devices and specific/harsh environments. Finally some major directions and suggestions are provided for further development of this emerging and promising field.
Development of Stabilized and Aqueous Dissolvable Nanosuspension Encompassing BCS Class IV Drug via Optimization of Process and Formulation Variables
Nanosuspension has emerged as an effective lucrative and unequalled approach for efficiently elevating the dissolution and bioavailability of aqueous soluble drugs. Diverse challenges persist within this domain demanding further comprehensive investigation and exploration.
This study aims to design develop optimise formulation and process variables and characterise the stabilised aqueous dissolvable nanosuspension using chlorthalidone as a BCS class-IV drug.
Nanosuspensions of the chlorthalidone drug were prepared using a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Various polymers such as Pluronic L-64 F-68 F-127 and Synperonic F-108 were used as stabilisers in this research. All important processes and formulation variables such as ultrasonication intensity and time the concentration of the drug organic solvent and stabilisers that may critically influence the characteristics of the nanosuspensions were optimised. Formulation screening was performed using the optimisation of process and formulation variables and the optimised nanosuspension formulation was assessed for particle size PDI surface charge morphology in vitro drug release and stability.
To select an optimised nanosuspension formulation the effects of formulation and process variables were investigated. These variables critically influence the development of a stabilised nanosuspension. The outcomes revealed that the nanosuspension formulation containing pluronic F-68 as a stabiliser in 0.6% w/v concentration and the drug in 4 mg/ml concentration were optimized. The particle size and zeta potential of the optimised preparation were 110 nm and -27.5 mV respectively. The in-vitro drug release of chlorthalidone drug from the optimised nanoformulation was increased up to 3-fold approximately (88% in 90 min) compared with pure chlorthalidone drug (27% in 90 min) because of the decrease in particle size. Moreover stability studies indicated that the crafted nanoformulation was stable at cold (4°C) as well as normal room temperature (25°C) for six months.
From the obtained results it was concluded that the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches employed for the fabrication of oral nanosuspension is a remunerative and lucrative approach to successfully resolve the perplexities associated with the dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble BCS class-IV drug moieties such as chlorthalidone. Moreover various patents have been granted over this novel technology which have also summarized in the manuscript for the better understanding of readers.
Bibliometric Analysis of Single-Atom Catalysis: A Scoping Review
Single-Atom Catalysts (SACs) are heterogeneous catalysts that demonstrate exceptional efficiency and selectivity due to the use of individual metal atoms at the atomic scale. The substantial number of patents filed on SACs underscore their commercial and technological importance highlighting their potential across various industries. SACs are increasingly applied in areas such as energy generation environmental applications and chemical synthesis reflecting their growing scientific and technical importance.
The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of existing literature on SACs and the use of bibliometric analysis to identify scientific output and topic patterns of research on SACs.
A bibliometric analysis was performed on 488 papers related to SACs utilizing the Web of Science database of data collection. Analysis of Co-occurrence of keywords trending research topics Citation analysis Publication areas the five-year record of Publications and funding sources were examined using VOS viewer R software and Microsoft Excel.
The analysis indicates a steady growth in publication on SACs in recent years with China leading in research output followed closely by the USA. The highlighting of the global impact and the collaborative nature of SAC research. The study reveals a diverse range of applications and emphasizes the increasing scientific and technical focus on this subject.
This study highlights the essential role of SACs in advancing catalytic science and maps key trends collaborations and applications within the field. The bibliometric insights provide valuable guidance for the researchers pointing to potential applications in energy storage environmental remediation and sustainable chemical synthesis. Emerging challenges such as stability scalability and the development of new materials call for further investigation to unlock the full potential of SACs. These insights support future innovation and exploration in the expanding field of SAC research.
Fabrication with Characterization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistor (CNT-TFT) by Spin Coating Method for Flat Panel Display
Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) are increasingly prevalent electrical components in display products ranging from smartphones to diagonal flat panel TVs. The limitations in existing TFT technologies such as high-temperature processing carrier mobility lower ON/OFF ratio device mobility and thermal stability result in the search for new semiconductor materials with superior properties.
The main objective of this present work is to fabricate the efficient Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistor (TFT) for flat panel display.
Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNTs) are a promising semiconductor material for TFT devices due to their one-dimensional structure and exceptional characteristics. In this research work the CNT-TFTs have been fabricated using nano-fabrication techniques with a spin process. The fabricated devices have been characterized for structural morphological and electrical characteristics.
The 20 µm channel length and 30 µm channel width fabricated device produces about 1.3 nA which lies in the practical range of operating TFTs reported previously. Compared to reported patents and published works this demonstrates a significant improvement.
Further guidelines and limitations of this fabrication method are also discussed for future efficient device fabrication.
AI-based Nanotechnology: Breakthroughs, Applications, Challenges, and the Road Ahead
This article examines the emerging field of AI-based nanotechnology highlighting its potential to revolutionize various industries and drive patent innovations that bridge cutting-edge science and practical applications. The article expounds on the synergistic relationship between artificial intelligence's data-processing capabilities and nanotechnology's manipulation at the nanoscale. Within the medical field for instance this synergy has the potential to facilitate precise cancer treatment and early disease detection with promising patent-worthy breakthroughs in diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery systems. The field of manufacturing stands to benefit from the optimization of nanomaterial production where AI-driven processes are generating novel methodologies that are eligible for patent protection. The article continues by exploring the potential of AI-based 3D printing and MEMS applications highlighting the capabilities that these technologies enhance. It is noteworthy that a significant number of these technologies are currently undergoing the patenting process which is expected to expedite their commercialization. Notwithstanding the challenges including data misuse and integration issues that are both ethically and technically complex the potential benefits such as fostering a robust patent landscape justify the risks. The article advocates for collaboration among scientists policymakers and industry to promote responsible research and development ensuring that the transformative potential of this combination is harnessed through strategic patent management and innovation thereby offering solutions to global challenges.
Recent Advancements, Patents, and Scientific Insights into the Biomedical Soft Robots Using Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
This study investigates the most recent advancements in the field of biomedical soft robotics with a primary emphasis on the integration of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It underscores the biocompatibility flexibility and performance of soft robots by emphasizing critical advancements in nanomaterials robotics and biomedical applications. Nanomaterials can improve the biocompatibility and mechanical qualities of soft robots used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology enables the development of flexible and elastic electronics which may be integrated into soft robotics. This study also analyzes recent patents offering a viewpoint on emerging technologies and their potential impact on medical diagnostics therapeutic delivery systems and minimally invasive procedures. The scientific developments and patents with the functioning and operating mechanisms of soft robots as well as the problems of constructing biomedical soft robots with nanomaterials and nanotechnology are examined in this critical study. Moreover it also examines current advancements patents technological challenges and future trends in nanomaterials and nanotechnology used in biomedical soft robotics.
Nanofibers of Poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide) as 3D Scaffolds for Enhancing Stem Cell Growth and Proliferation
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a highly active field of research due to the remarkable abilities of stem cells to renew themselves and differentiate into various types of cells when cultured. However scientists have recently become more aware of the limitations of traditional 2D culture and stem cell culture media.
This study aims to create an alternative polymeric three-dimensional (3D) scaffold by utilizing the self-assembly process of a star-shaped amphiphilic copolymer (poly(caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide)) into nanofibers. These nanofibers closely resemble the native extracellular matrix in terms of scale and capability of replicating the extracellular microenvironment enabling the observation and manipulation of stem cell functions.
The findings of this study indicate that polymeric nanofibers are highly effective as a 3D scaffold for the proliferation of mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mESCs) while maintaining their stem cell characteristics.
These findings strongly suggest that the polymeric 3D scaffolds in the form of nanofibers not only support the growth and proliferation of stem cells but also preserve the pluripotency of mESCs.
Zeolite-assisted Silica Substrate for Sensing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by Aptamer-C-reactive Protein-antibody Sandwich
Identifying abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its condition is crucial for providing better treatment before rupture. Since AAA is often asymptomatic regular monitoring is necessary for elderly individuals to detect changes in the aorta.
Although imaging techniques are commonly used to diagnose AAA they are expensive and can cause discomfort to patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein and its concentration is highly correlated with the size of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter. It was found that patients with elevated CRP levels above 1.4 mg/mL had an AAA expansion rate of 4.8 mM compared to 3.9 mM in those with levels below 1.4 mg/mL. In addition CRP helps to identify AAA in asymptomatic patients. Compared to other biomarkers CRP levels are useful in assessing the size of AAA.
Therefore quantifying CRP levels aids in identifying and monitoring AAA size. This research focuses on developing a CRP biosensor on a zeolite-modified electrode with a silica substrate for diagnosing AAA. An anti-CRP aptamer serves as the capture molecule while an anti-CRP antibody functions as the detection molecule. The aptamer is conjugated with gold nanoparticles and linked to the electrode via an amine-modified zeolite to enhance aptamer immobilization.
Using an aptamer-antibody sandwich assay a detection limit of 1 pg/mL of CRP was achieved on this surface. Furthermore CRP-spiked serum samples showed a noticeable increase in current responses while control proteins and complementary aptamers failed to elevate the current level indicating the selective and specific detection of CRP.
Next-generation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Biomaterials and tissue engineering have undergone significant advances particularly with the integration of nanoscience technology. Recent progress in nanostructured scaffolds and nanoparticle-based delivery systems has provided novel opportunities for tissue regeneration. However the key challenges remain and must be addressed. These include the optimization of the long-term stability of nanoengineered constructs and addressing the concerns regarding nanotoxicity. Fine-tuned mechanical properties enable the adoption of vehicle-based targeted approaches to drug and gene delivery. However much remains to be learned regarding the interactions between nanomaterials and tissues. Comprehensive safety assessments and standardized toxicity evaluations are essential for clinical translation. These emerging technologies combine the three-dimensional bioprinting of induced pluripotent stem cells with nanomaterials and new pathways for personalized medicine. Nanoengineered smart materials and biosensors have the potential to enable real-time monitoring of engineered tissues which can pave the way for unparalleled advances in personalized therapies particularly for chronic diseases. The bioactivity of nanomaterials offers new avenues for tissue regeneration. This review explores the status successes challenges and future directions of biomaterials and tissue engineering with a specific focus on nanoscience applications. Key areas for future research include nano-bio-interfaces in situ tissue remodeling and biofabrication techniques. These insights can guide researchers to navigate the rapidly evolving landscape of nanoscience related biomaterials and tissue engineering. The integration of nanomaterials into tissue engineering is an emerging and advanced field that has significant implications for regenerative medicine.
Targeted Delivery Modalities in Combination with Biofunctionalized Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs): Combating Amyloid Plaques
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive impairment. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and involves a variety of processes including receptor-ligand interaction and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Biofunctionalized metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a cutting-edge technique that addresses significant limitations of existing therapies by precisely delivering therapeutic molecules to disease-specific locations. The review explores innovative therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focusing on the roles of amyloid precursor protein and metal nanoparticles. It discusses drug delivery systems including functionalized metallic nanoparticles highlighting their potential in enhancing drug efficacy and targeting amyloid plaques. These biofunctionalized MNPs not only help pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but also lessen off-target effects and increase medication absorption. Furthermore they facilitate emerging treatments such as monoclonal antibodies aptamers CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) showcasing their mechanisms and benefits in mitigating AD pathology. This paper focuses on MNPs’ ability to control neuroinflammation a hallmark of AD pathogenesis and their novel function in improving therapy results. By integrating current findings and addressing limitations in clinical translation this review sheds light on the future of MNPs-assisted AD treatment.
Application of Fluorescent Probes in Single-Virus Particle Tracking
Viruses are highly infectious pathogens responsible for widespread diseases making the study of their infection mechanisms crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Single-virus particle tracking (SVT) has become a valuable technique for visualizing viral behavior in real-time providing insights into virus-host interactions. Fluorescent probes including fluorescent proteins organic dyes and nanomaterials like quantum dots are widely used in SVT to label and track individual viral particles. This review provides an overview of commonly used fluorescent probes and their applications in viral tracking highlighting their advantages and limitations. The development of new fluorescent probes offers the potential for more precise and long-term tracking of viral particles contributing to a deeper understanding of viral infections. Finally we offer our perspectives on the future possibilities and challenges associated with single-virus tracking.
Zeolite Nanoparticles: The Eco-Friendly Solutions for Environmental Contamination
This review highlighted the innovative utilization of zeolite Nanoparticles (NPs) in various environmental applications emphasizing their role in transforming waste materials into valuable resources. Zeolite-confined metal NPs particularly Palladium (Pd) exhibit enhanced catalytic performance in the deep oxidation of light alkanes due to their unique interfaces and protective zeolite structures. Developing electrospun membranes incorporating cellulose acetate and nano-zeolites demonstrates promising potential for effective oil removal from wastewater achieving up to 97% separation efficiency. The synthesis of silver NPs from Tilapia fish waste and their valorization within natural zeolites showcases an eco-friendly approach for ammonia removal and antimicrobial applications. Integrating nano-silicon and nano-zeolite treatments in combating salinity stress in medicinal plants highlights sustainable agricultural practices. This review emphasizes the multifaceted benefits of zeolite NPs in addressing urgent environmental challenges and promotes future research directions to optimize their applications in pollution control and resource recovery. Prospects include scaling up production methods exploring novel composite materials and investigating the long-term environmental impacts of these nanomaterials to enhance their practical applicability in diverse settings.
Advancements in Electrochemical Sensing: Nanocomposites for Vanillin Detection in Food Products
Recent advancements in electrochemical sensing have significantly improved the detection of vanillin an essential flavor compound in food products. This review discusses notable innovations including developing 3D hybrid sensors that combine Silver-Palladium (Ag-Pd) bimetallic nanoparticles with graphene oxide. These sensors offer a broad detection range low detection limits and high recovery rates. Other advancements feature carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with cadmium oxide nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes manganese dioxide nanowire hybrid electrodes with reduced graphene oxide and various nanocomposite sensors such as poly (glutamic acid) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and molybdenum disulfide-polyaniline-graphitic carbon nitride. These technologies demonstrate exceptional sensitivity selectivity and reliability with detection limits as low as 0.0032 μM and broad dynamic ranges. These technologies' superior sensitivity and reliability should reassure and instill confidence in the potential of electrochemical sensing in vanillin detection. Despite these improvements several challenges persist including issues related to long-term stability reproducibility specificity in complex real-world samples and scalability for commercial production. Addressing these challenges is essential for advancing the practical application of electrochemical sensors in vanillin detection. Future research is crucial to address these challenges and further enhance the field of electrochemical sensing. Future research should focus on improving sensor durability expanding testing across diverse matrices and exploring cost-effective manufacturing methods to ensure these advanced sensors can be widely implemented in food safety and quality control.
Advances on Highly Selective and Non-invasive Screening of Cancer Biomarkers using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering with Nanoparticles
Cancer has long been the leading cause of death in many countries. This complex category of diseases is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. To reduce the cancer mortality rate early detection of the disease is essential. As a result extensive research is directed towards the early identification of the cancer disease by developing novel cancer cell detection technologies. One such novel technology is Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). This technique is highly sensitive because of the highly enhanced SERS signals due to metal nanoparticles which allow the detection of ultra-low concentration (femto-molar) of several important cancer biomarkers. Moreover metal nanoparticle-based SERS is found to be more sensitive and can be used for the detection of cancer cells or biomarkers over a longer period. The SERS is also useful for multiple biomarker detection. Compared to other fluorescence bands Raman bands are narrower which allows for the individual and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers. In this context we have outlined the latest advancements in SERS for the effective detection of cancer biomarkers. Additionally we discuss the current challenges and future potential of SERS in cancer cell detection.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Binary Dyes, Methyl Orange and Methyl Green, in Aqueous Media Using 2D g-C3N4/Polyaniline/Silver Nanocomposite
In recent years azo dyes have become the dominant choice in the textile industry accounting for about 60-70% of all dyes used which has led to growing environmental concerns.
This research focused on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methyl green (MG) dyes using a novel g-C3N4 (GCN)/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag composite under visible light.
This composite was synthesized through a straightforward preparation process and characterized by using various techniques including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).
Characterization results confirmed the incorporation of PANI and Ag nanoparticles into the GCN matrix. This composite enhanced the visible light absorption and improved charge separation leading to increased photocatalytic efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted under visible light irradiation with a catalyst dosage of 10 mg in a 10-ppm solution of the MO and MG dyes mixture.
The GCN/PANI/Ag composite achieved significant degradation efficiencies of 70% for MO and 69% for MG within 120 minutes. The degradation process followed first-order kinetics with rate constants of 0.0087 min−1 for MO and 0.0086 min−1 for MG respectively. Reusability tests showed that the composite retained over 60% of its initial efficiency after five cycles. These findings highlight the potential of the GCN/PANI/Ag composite as a sustainable and effective photocatalyst for visible-light-driven dye degradation offering an eco-friendly approach to wastewater treatment.
Pelargonium alchemilloides (L). L’herit Extract-loaded Electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Cellulose Acetate Blended Nanofibers and their Antimicrobial Activity
There is a growing interest in plant extracts due to their natural origin and wide range of desirable features and benefits. These extracts are easily transferred to other media to explore their properties and usefulness using advanced technological approaches. Their encapsulation in a suitable polymer matrix and electrospinning can improve their bioavailability and maintain the required concentration release of bioactive compounds to the targeted medicinal site.
In this study plant species Pelargonium alchemilloides (L) L’herit (PA) leaf extract was incorporated into the polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate (PVP/CA) polymer blended matrix and characterized for their morphology fiber diameter distribution and structural changes. The antibacterial sensitivity of the nanofibers was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. GC-MS spectra revealed the active polyphenolic compounds confirmed using the functional groups in the FTIR spectra and complimented by the qualitative tests for the presence of various classes of organic bioactive compounds. The FTIR spectra revealed the dominance of the functional groups such as C-H C=O and COOH due to their significant shifts in their wave numbers which demonstrated the interaction and presence of extract in the polymer matrix.
The nanofibers' SEM images showed smooth uniform nanofibers with diameters decreasing with a slight increase in leaf extract concentration (306 to 288 nm). The presence of PA extract in the fibers promoted the antibacterial activity of nanofibers as proven in the in vitro antibacterial test (inhibition of bacterial growth). The 5 wt% PA nanofibers showed optimal antibacterial efficacy pioneering plant extract-based PVP/CA nanofiber mats with antibacterial activity.
The present work thus proves that the electrospinning technique is an effective strategy for the formation of antibacterial fibers for the biomedicine pharmacy and food industries.
Biosynthesized Nanoparticles as Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Systematic Review
Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) a tropical disease that is widely distributed yet often overlooked. As a major zoonotic parasitic disease it impacts both humans and animals. Given the lack of a viable vaccine therapy remains the sole preventive option for CE. This systematic review aims to consolidate existing research on biosynthesized nanoparticles as potential drugs for treating hydatid cyst protoscoleces in vitro in vivo and ex vivo.
This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive global search was performed without date restrictions up to October 15th 2024 using Google Scholar and six English-language databases EMBASE ProQuest PubMed Scopus ScienceDirect and Web of Science to gather all relevant articles. The keywords used in the search were “protoscolicidal” “scolicidal” “protoscolex” “scolex” “nanoparticle” “nanomedicine” “nanomaterial” “green synthesis” “biosynthesis” “hydatid cyst” “cystic echinococcosis” and “Echinococcus granulosus”.
Out of the 2185 studies considered this systematic review included twenty. Of these thirteen (65%) were conducted in vitro three (15%) were in vitro/ex vivo two (10%) were in vivo one (5%) was in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo and one (5%) was in vitro/in vivo. The results indicated that metal nanoparticles including silver gold zinc copper and selenium (n = 13 65%) were the most commonly used biosynthesized nanoparticles in the study. Metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide copper oxide nickel oxide and silver-zinc oxide were the next most frequent (n = 6 30%). Lastly a single study (n = 1 5%) utilized polymeric nanoparticles specifically chitosan-based ones.
This systematic review highlights the promising potential of biosynthesized nanoparticles as protoscolicidal agents against E. granulosus. The analysis of 20 studies revealed a predominant focus on metal nanoparticles particularly silver gold zinc copper and selenium which exhibited notable efficacy across in vitro ex vivo and in vivo settings. The findings emphasize the necessity of exploring diverse nanoparticle types such as metal oxides and polymeric nanoparticles to enhance treatment strategies for this neglected zoonotic disease.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Citrullus colocynthis and their Inhibitory Effect on the Pathogenic Fungus Scopulariopsis alboflavescens
This work aims to develop an eco-friendly plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrullus colocynthis to combat Scopulariopsis alboflavescens. The approach addresses the need for alternative antifungal treatments and reduces the environmental impact of conventional methods. It offers a sustainable solution by utilizing the plant’s medicinal properties in nanotechnology applications.
Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was prepared by seed fruit pulp crude methanolic extract of a medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad exhibited the potential effect to inhibit the growth of the fungus (Scopulariopsis alboflavescens) isolated from the Juniper tree from Ziarat Pakistan. The shape size specific surface area charge and composition of the silver nanoparticles were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy infra-red spectroscopy X-ray diffraction technique and atomic force microscopy.
UV-visible spectrum of AgNPs displayed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at (427 nm) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrum revealed the possible presence of polyphenols and alkaloids involved in the synthesis capping and stabilizing of AgNPs. Furthermore X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed face centered cubic (FCC) shape of AgNPs. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis showed poly dispersion of AgNPs with a size of 28.8 nm. The AgNPs exhibited a significant inhibitory zone of 22.5 mm against Scopulariopsis alboflavescens as compared to the standard with an inhibition zone of 7.5 mm at 1000 ppm the biosynthesized AgNPs might be an effective strategy to control these pathogenic fungi and combat fungal diseases.
The findings focus on the efficiency of Cc-AgNPs against S. alboflavescens of plant-pathogenic fungus and support to develop new and more active therapeutic substitutes for fungus diseases.
Investigation into the Optical and Physical Features of ZnO Nanoparticles Produced on Different Substrates
This study aimed to investigate the structural alterations of nanoparticles due to external forces. These forces both direct and indirect are crucial in changing the structures and characteristics of nanoparticles which may have an impact on important variables and results.
The main focus of this study was on how researchers might modify the characteristics of nanoparticles by using a simple technique and adding precursor chemicals. The employed methodology referred to as the simple bath method made it easier to prepare and characterize composite nanoparticles using high-resolution TEM XRD SEM and UV. To obtain important information a comparative examination was carried out against standard market combinations.
This study explored the size and shape fluctuations of nanoparticles as identified by XRD and SEM investigations. Using Tauc plots for UV-vis spectroscopy the refractive indices of the nanoparticles were calculated and energy gaps extinction coefficients and dielectric constants were visualized. Moreover ZnO nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive (S pneumonia Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia Shigella dysenteriae ‘E-coli’) bacteria using an agar well diffusion process. Region reserve values (mm) were measured after twenty-four hours at thirty-seven degrees Celsius.
The common antibiotic amoxicillin (10 µg/disc) was used as a standard. The activity of IN ISB ISC and ISN on bacteria and fungi was examined. It was found that ZnO nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial capabilities such as ion release and rupture as well as the generation of antibacterial properties of IN ISB ISC and ISN. IN where ZnO nanoparticles alone were evaluated directly to establish baseline activity; ISB where Lawsonia inermis (henna) extract was combined with ZnO nanoparticles in a Petri dish under different substrates and conditions; ISC where Lawsonia inermis extract with ZnO nanoparticles was combined in a concave dish and tested under varying substrates and conditions; and ISN where Lawsonia inermis extract with ZnO nanoparticles was further doped with NaOH.