Letters in Organic Chemistry - Online First

Sheep pox virus (SPPV) presents considerable economic and health challenges, in particular for agricultural areas relying on sheep farming. SPPV encodes for SPPV14, a strong inhibitor of BCL-2-mediated apoptosis, which has sparked interest in identifying and developing multifaceted therapeutics. The SPPV14 protein is currently noticed as a crucial viral aspect that facilitates infection and advances the progression of the disease. Recent studies indicate that flavonoids, which are naturally occurring compounds known for their strong antiviral properties, could offer a promising strategy to inhibit SPPV infection. The current study attempted to explore the inhibitory ability of specific flavonoids on the SPPV14 protein utilizing an in silico molecular docking approach. A selection of ten flavonoids was made for virtual screening and docking studies aimed at the active site of the SPPV14 protein, emphasizing interactions at the Arg84 residue, which is essential for the stability of the viral protein. Using AutoDock Vina, molecular docking simulations were run to assess the binding affinities and possible inhibitory effects of flavonoids. All examined flavonoids exhibited significant binding affinities to SPPV14, with isoxanthohumol showing a remarkable interaction with the Arg84 residue, indicating increased stability in binding and possible inhibitory effects. The chosen flavonoids eliminated the canonical ionic interaction observed in all sheep pox disease SPPV14:BH3 motif complex resulting in apoptosis in SPPV14 docking investigation. These interactions suggest that flavonoids may have the ability to interfere with viral protein function, which may hinder the development of SPPV. In silico analysis suggests that specific flavonoids could act as effective antiviral agents against SPPV, with a particular focus on SPPV14. The findings establish a basis for following in vitro and in vivo investigations with the purpose of confirming the potential of flavonoids as alternative therapeutic agents for the management of sheep pox.

A novel and efficient method for synthesizing various quinoxaline derivatives has been developed, utilizing rainwater as both a solvent and a catalyst. This approach represents a significant advancement in green chemistry, as it combines simplicity, rapidity, and convenience while avoiding the need for toxic or expensive reagents. The synthesis involves the condensation reaction of aromatic 1,2-diamines with aromatic 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. Traditionally, these reactions require specialized solvents and catalysts, but in this method, rainwater serves a dual function, streamlining the process and minimizing environmental impact. The use of rainwater not only simplifies the reaction setup but also provides an eco-friendly alternative to conventional organic solvents. The condensation leads to the formation of quinoxaline derivatives, a class of compounds known for their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The reaction proceeds smoothly at ambient temperature, significantly reducing the energy requirements typically associated with chemical syntheses. This innovative synthesis method demonstrates the potential of using natural resources like rainwater in chemical reactions, contributing to sustainable practices in the field of organic synthesis. The versatility of the approach allows for the preparation of a variety of quinoxalines, offering promising applications in medicinal chemistry and material science. The rapid and straightforward process opens new avenues for the synthesis of quinoxalines, showcasing the potential of rainwater as a green solvent and catalyst in synthetic chemistry.

This study specifically aimed to identify the presence of non-permitted food colorings in spices and evaluate a novel method for reducing them using silver nanoparticles. Spices, known for their aromatic and pungent qualities, play a crucial role in enhancing the flavor of food and beverages. However, the adulteration of spices presents a serious threat to human health, making it imperative to detect harmful substances. Asparagine-capped silver nanoparticles (Asp-AgNPs) demonstrated remarkable efficacy and could photo-catalytically reduce metanil yellow dye. To assess real-world implications, four samples of turmeric powder were collected from local markets in Agra. The focus was on testing for adulteration with metal yellow, one of the most widely used but prohibited food colorants. The investigation involved carefully observing color changes in the test samples. The results revealed that two out of the four turmeric powder samples contained metanil yellow dye, highlighting a concerning prevalence of adulteration in commonly consumed spices. Asparagine-capped silver nanoparticles (Asp-AgNPs) demonstrated remarkable efficacy, capable of photo-catalytically reducing approximately 95.4% of the adulterant dye within 60 minutes when in contact with the prepared catalyst under optimized conditions. Our findings revealed that the asparagine-capped silver nanoparticles (Asp-AgNPs) performed exceptionally well as catalysts, facilitating a remarkable reduction of metal yellow dye, thus achieving an impressive 95.4% reduction rate. This research suggests that asparagine-capped silver nanoparticles could be significant catalysts for effectively degrading toxic dyes in various applications.

In this study, the synthesis of (2S,6R,10R) and (2R,6R,10R) diastereomers of pristanic acid is described. The key step in this synthesis is the dehomologation of (3RS,7R,11R)-dihydrophytol to one-carbon shorter (2RS,6R,10R)-pristanic acid using o-iodoxybenzoic acid. The diastereomeric mixture of pristanic acid is easily separated by silica gel column chromatography after conversion to the corresponding amides, which can be converted back to (2R,6R,10R)- and (2S,6R,10R)-pristanic acids in good yields.

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), used as an organocatalyst supported on acidic alumina (Al2O3), has been effectively employed for the synthesis of substituted quinolines through the Friedlander reaction under microwave irradiation. The process involves the cyclocondensation of 2-aminoaryl ketones with carbonyl-functionalized active methylene groups. The catalytic efficacy of the MOPS/Al2O3 system proves compatible with this cyclocondensation reaction, offering several advantages including rapid activation of reactants, maintenance of a near-neutral pH, cost-effectiveness, and high yield.

An efficient and green method for the A³- coupling reaction of saliciladehyde, secondary amines, and terminal alkynes to synthesize propargylamines using a microwave reactor has been demonstrated. The synthesis showed several salient features, such as high yield of products, rapid product formation, and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Furthermore, the synthesis could be performed in gram scale. Nine propargylamine adducts were obtained in high yields and their structures were confirmed by NMR data. A plausible reaction mechanism was also suggested.

The present study's exploration of innovative techniques for the production of heterocyclic scaffolds was prompted by the significance of [1]benzopyran motifs in bioactive chemicals. Given the appealing aspects of creating innovative methodological techniques while working with heterogeneous nanocatalysts, we desired to use this method to synthesize a number of dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. This work set out to demonstrate the prepared Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite's catalytic efficacy as a magnetically separable catalyst in the production of dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. 3,9-diamino-1,7-diaryl-1,7-dihydro[1]benzopyrano[8,7-h][1]benzopyran-2,8-dicarbonitriles were obtained in an easy-to-manage manner by utilizing a Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite as an effective catalyst in an aqueous medium at 70°C. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of some synthesized compounds were tested by the disk diffusion method. A number of target molecules, dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans, were successfully synthesized in high yields. The results of the antimicrobial experiment showed encouraging antibacterial effects. This study offered significant advantages of high yield and practical methodology for the synthesis of dihydro[1]benzopyrano[h][1]benzopyrans. The utilization of aqueous ethanol as an environmentally friendly medium and the Fe3O4@TiO2 nanocomposite as a magnetically separable catalyst are examples of how this work adhered to the principles of green chemistry. The biological effectiveness of some of the produced compounds was tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Isoalloxazines are the essential cofactors of flavoproteins, which are responsible for the different redox reactions in various biological processes. They can be efficiently synthesized using N-substituted 2-nitrophenylamines as a precursor. In the present communication, we report a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of N-substituted 2-nitrophenylamines in DABCO-based ionic liquids. The method offers the use of DABCO-based ionic liquids as nonconventional catalysts, which eliminates the use of any additional base with excellent yields in short reaction time, easy product isolation, high purity, and recyclability.

An improved strategy for the synthesis of terbinafine has been developed through the cross-coupling of (E)-aminovinyl chloride with tert-butyl acetylene using 1 mol% of 5% Pd/C as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions. This is the first report on the Pd/C catalyzed Sonogashira coupling to produce the 99.9% pure terbinafine under mild conditions.