Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. has been traditionally utilized as an ethnomedicinal agent for managing various ailments including diabetes jaundice and rheumatic issues. This investigation aimed to evaluate the oral hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Cuscuta reflexa (HAECR) in rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Additionally the study sought to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects in Cuscuta reflexa.

To date only a few attempts have been made to isolate the lead bioactive compound from Cuscuta reflexa highlighting the need for further exploration of this herb through bioactivity-guided fractionation. The isolation and characterization of the responsible lead molecules could pave the way for developing a new safer therapeutic option compared to conventionally used drugs.

The study aims to evaluate the oral hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Cuscuta reflexa (HAECR) in a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats along with elucidating the responsible bioactive compounds of Cuscuta reflexa.

The hydroalcoholic plant extract was standardized by marker calibration by HPLC and subsequently phytochemical screening by LC-MS. Column chromatography was adopted to isolate bioactive compounds from the extract which NMR FT-IR and MS spectroscopy subsequently characterized. Oral antihyperglycemic activity and toxicity studies were performed and antioxidant activities were studied.

No deaths or behavioural changes were observed during the toxicity study up to 2000 mg/kg oral dosing. Other toxicological parameters such as deviations in organ weights and haematological and histological parameters were also not observed. 250 mg/kg dose of HAECR exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity (56.9% reduction in blood glucose level) in diabetic rats. In the HAECR-treated groups significant reductions were observed compared to the control group with cholesterol levels decreasing by 57% triglycerides by 50% SGPT by 50% and SGOT by 30%. Considering the extensive analytical spectroscopy interpretation results Quercetin and Stigmasterol are the two possible isolated compounds from our extract.

Thus this study suggested the antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity of HAECR which may be attributed to phytomolecules such as Stigmasterol and Quercetin. Therefore our findings from the investigated part of the herb could be regarded as an adjunctive agent for treating diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate the anti-oxidative and radioprotective role of Pontibacter indicus SCG24 pigment during radiation exposure.

Radiation-induced cytotoxicity is quite common during cancer therapy. There is a need for naturally derived therapeutic molecules that can scavenge free radicals. They may act as substitutes for synthetic molecules. Hence there is a need for urgent evaluation of these potent compounds before therapeutic application.

The objective of this study is to examine the anti-oxidative and radioprotective role of P. indicus SCG24 pigment specifically to evaluate free radical scavenging X-ray irradiated HDF cells.

A radiotoleraent pigment-producing P. indicus SCG24 was isolated from pharmaceutical effluent. Chloroform was used as a primary solvent for pigment extraction. GCMS/MS analysed initial pigment composition. Various in-vitro antioxidant assays were performed using ABTS FRAP and DPPH assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of scavenging activity of pigment in HDF cells.

The GCMS/MS profile of the chloroform extract revealed twenty-two compounds. Furthermore based on the DPPH ABTS and FRAP assay the pigment was found to have significant antioxidant properties. The flow cytometry results indicate that the pigment possesses radioprotectant activity by neutralizing ROS species in HDF cells when exposed to X-ray radiation.

These observations on P. indicus SCG24 pigment suggested that the pigment may have potential therapeutic importance.

The Chinese medicine Kanglao concoction has been used clinically to treat tuberculosis. However its constituents and anti-inflammatory activity have not been fully understood.

In this study HPLC-MS² has been employed to determine the main constituents in the concoction. The anti-inflammatory activity has been investigated by ELISA and Western Blot techniques.

The MS analysis revealed that tigogenin and afzelin were two main constituents in Kanglao concoction. Moreover the result of ELISA experiments showed that Kanglao concoction significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL to inhibit inflammation.

The expression of Notch pathway-related proteins in A549 cells increased under the stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and decreased dose-dependently upon the treatment of Kanglao concoction which was deduced to inhibit Notch pathway expression to impose anti-inflammatory activity.

Three novel macrolactams FW8-1 (1) FW8-4 (2) and FW60-20 (3) were isolated from a culture of Micromonospora sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using Mass Spectrometry (MS) and comprehensive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses.

The relative configurations of compounds 1-3 were assigned through theoretical calculations of their NMR spectra.

The isolation and determination of the relative configurations of these macrolactams have provided fresh perspectives on the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of polyene macrolactams.

Further virtual screening and bioactivity predictions have suggested compounds 1-3 to possess potential anti-tumor anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Sponge-associated microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health by providing chemical defense through the synthesis of diverse secondary metabolites. However research on these secondary metabolites is still in its early stages.

The present study aimed to investigate new natural antibiotics from mesophotic sponge symbiotic microbiota and explore its in vitro antibacterial activity and preliminary biological function.

Bacteria strain Salinicola sp. LHM was isolated from sponge L. birotulata L26 and identified based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Subsequently the strain was fermented using a liquid M9 medium and screened for antibiotics with an antibacterial guiding assay. Extensive chromatographic methods were introduced to isolate the target compound and its chemical structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (LC-MS NMR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxicity experiments evaluated the isolated compound's biological activity. Furthermore scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) were used to study the bactericidal mechanism of DLT. Finally the preliminary biological function was explored by performing the cell-feeding experiment.

We successfully identified one novel natural antibiotic dodecanoyl-L-tryptophan (DLT) in Salinicola sp. LHM isolated from mesophotic sponge Lotrochota birotulata L26. DLT exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 32 μM and 16 μM respectively. The bactericidal tests showed that DLT broke the cell membrane to cause cell death by leaking the cell's inner content. Furthermore the cell-feeding experiment proved that DLT producer- Salinicola sp. LHM could feed on the inner content of death cells. In addition DLT also exhibited cytotoxicity against bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B with an EC50 value of 150 μM indicating a favorable selectivity profile.

This research identified one novel natural antibiotic DLT and provided initial insights into the chemical defense exerted by Salinicola sp. LHM with its secondary metabolite DLT.

In traditional medicine species of the genus Primula L. are used to treat various health conditions such as eye disorders respiratory infections headaches epilepsy insomnia as expectorants and to promote wound healing.

The goal of this article was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of three species from genus Primula L. growing in Georgia: Primula macrocalyx Primula woronowii and Primula saguramica.

Initially fractions containing both aerial and underground parts were air-dried ground and extracted with 80% ethanol. The extract was then concentrated by condensation and further dried through freeze-drying. Subsequently additional chromatographic separations were carried out on Diaion HP-20 using solvents such as water methanol (50% and 100%) and 100% ethyl acetate to isolate the desired fractions. To identify flavonoids and triterpene glycosides the study employed thin-layer chromatography (TLC) alongside preliminary phytochemical tests. The antioxidant activity of these species was estimated in vitro by cell-free systems using ABTS and DPPH assays. The extracts' anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using an ex-vivo cell system that isolated neutrophils. The study examined the extracts' impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils stimulated with PMA as well as their effect on the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) a marker of inflammation in neutrophils.

Flavonoids and triterpene glycosides were primarily identified in the 50% and 100% methanol (MeOH) fractions of Primula species through TLC and preliminary phytochemical tests. For each experiment gallic acid and quercetin served as standards at a concentration of 1 mg/ml while the tested samples were prepared at concentrations of 5 mg/ml. Based on the IC50 findings P. w 3 exhibits the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as evidenced by the following indicators: ABTS - IC50=8.51 ± 0.18; DPPH - IC50=34.57 ± 0.47; PMN - IC50=0.68 ± 0.04; SIEFED - IC50=1.49 ± 0.7; and classical IC50=1.89 ± 0.01.

Among the tested fractions only the fraction of the 3 species prepared in MeOH (50%) showed the best dose-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities especially P.w 3 which is probably related to the high flavonoid content found in this species.