Agriculture
Citrus Pseudolimon: An Overview of Unexplored and Underutilised Plant from Genus Citrus
Genus Citrus with a handful of the most extensively grown fruit crops in the world is home to an unknown number of plant species. Since they are very perishable many neglected citrus varietals are yet unexplored. Citrus pseudolimon Tan. sometimes known as Hill Lemon is a lesser-known citrus species with relatively little research available on it when compared to other prominent citrus cultivars. To the best of our knowledge and search there is no review article available detailing the in-depth phyto-pharmacological aspects of this plant with respect to its volatile and non-volatile contents. This review provides a thorough overview of this plant species with respect to the published material that is currently accessible. The current effort focuses on a thorough meta-analysis of the scientific literature and the most recent research updates that are currently accessible. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines which are intended for systematic review writing 481 publications were screened for material relevant to the chosen plant species. An effort has been made to compile the pertinent data about its pharmacological and phytochemical features.
Review Understanding of the Many Facets of Cancer and the Management of Skin Cancer
Cancer is a complex disorder characterized by the unregulated proliferation of cells that have the potential to invade other regions of the body. It stems from genetic alterations in various cell types resulting in tumor formation. These growths are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Unlike benign tumors which typically remain localized malignant tumors can spread infiltrate nearby tissues and establish secondary growth in organs far from the original site. The treatment approach depends on the specific type and progression of cancer encompassing options such as surgical intervention radiation-based therapies drug-based treatments immune system-boosting techniques and therapies targeting particular cellular mechanisms. Skin cancer is a common occurrence among various cancer types especially in populations with lighter skin tones. Skin cancer is a prevalent form of cancer particularly in the Caucasian population. The most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. BCCs which arise from the basal layer of the epidermis are often treated with surgery topical therapies or cryotherapy depending on their risk and location. Mohs micrographic surgery is effective for high-risk or recurrent BCCs whereas topical treatments such as 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod are used for superficial BCCs. Early diagnosis through biopsy and various imaging techniques is crucial for effective management. Advances in treatment including targeted therapies and improved surgical techniques continue to enhance patient outcomes and reduce recurrence rates. Understanding these diverse aspects of cancer and skin cancer will help devise effective treatment strategies and improve patient prognosis.
Surface Solid Dispersion Technique for Solubility Enhancement of Nifedipine
Poor solubility is a common challenge in pharmaceuticals hindering oral bioavailability. High throughput screening has led to an increase in poorly soluble drug candidates. Enhancing solubility and dissolution rates is crucial for drug development. Various methods including solid dispersion aim to improve solubility. A solid dispersion formulation process involves dispersing one or more active chemicals in a solid state within an inert carrier or matrix. It can be made using solvent melting or melting-solvent procedures among other techniques. By increasing the surface area and dispersibility of poorly soluble pharmaceuticals this method improves their solubility and rate of dissolution ultimately leading to an improvement in bioavailability.
Nifedipine solid dispersion emerged in the late 1970s to address its poor solubility and erratic bioavailability for cardiovascular treatment. Researchers explored methods like fusion solvent evaporation and melt extrusion to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate. Over the years these efforts resulted in commercial products highlighting the importance of solid dispersion in improving drug delivery and patient outcomes for nifedipine therapy.
The aim of this work is to use the surface solid dispersion approach to increase the solubility of nifedipine.
The objective of the study is to develop surface solid dispersion formulations of nifedipine evaluate their physicochemical properties assess solubility enhancement analyze dissolution behavior and stability and determine the potential of this technique to enhance the pharmaceutical performance of nifedipine.
Nifedipine was dissolved in the solvent-ethanol and a carrier was then added at various drug-to-carrier ratios. The mixture was allowed to sit for an hour before the solvent was evaporated on a water bath at 40-42ÂşC with occasional stirring. The resulting dried mass was pulverized sieved and then dried further at 40ÂşC for 3 hours. For further study the powder was stored in desiccators.
Formulation S3 shows better increase in the solubility by solid dispersion technique increases solubility from 0.002576 ± 0.00013 to 0.04379 ± 0.00013. Dissolution profile data found to be improved from 98.45 ± 0.41 to 99.57 ± 0.088%.
This study explores the challenge of poor solubility in pharmaceutical formulation focusing on Nifedipine. Surface solid dispersions (SSDs) are investigated as a solution with various polymers showing promise in enhancing solubility. SSDs particularly with sodium starch glycolate (SSG) as a carrier significantly improve solubility as confirmed by saturation solubility studies. Evaluation indicates SSD efficacy with S3 emerging as a promising formulation. This study underscores the potential of SSD technology in addressing solubility challenges and improving drug bioavailability.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Natural Essential Oil Extracted from Flowers of Cassia sophera Linn.
Natural essential oil comprises a galaxy of low-molecular-weight (usually less than 500 daltons) and volatile phytoconstituents that exhibit a handful of biological and pharmaceutical properties; they exhibit several applications chiefly in agriculture cosmetic perfumeries and food industries.
The extraction of essential oil from fresh flowers of C. sophera was performed by hydrodistillation and the determination of its chemical composition was carried out by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was executed by the disc diffusion method against the four pathogenic bacteria. 11-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was also performed for free radical scavenging assay and a scanning electron microscopic study was also executed to get an idea of the effect of C. sophera essential oil on bacterial morphology.
The GC/MS analysis indicated that the essential oil is constituted primarily of aromatic compounds (68.75%) and the principal compounds are the dialkyl phthalates esters (58.32%). The zones of inhibition range from 8-16 mm in the case of Gram-negative E. coli whereas in Gram-positive S. aureus these range from 7-13.5 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was found to be 0.3 mg/mL against all the Gram-negative bacteria tested and 0.4 mg/mL against the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. The oil also showed moderate antioxidant properties by scavenging 11-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an IC50 value of 126 ÎĽg/mL.
As per the present study the essential oil of C. sophera flowers may be suggested as a new potential source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Mitapivat: A Novel Drug Discovery for the Treatment of Hereditary Hemolytic Anaemias
Mitapivat (AG-348) is a novel first-in-class oral small-molecule allosteric activator of the pyruvate kinase enzyme. Mitapivat has been shown to significantly upregulate both wild-type and numerous mutant forms of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and reducing levels of 23-diphosphoglycerate. Given this mechanism mitapivat has been evaluated in clinical trials in a wide range of hereditary hemolytic anaemias including pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
The technique entails searching numerous search engines such as PubMed Science Direct and Sci Finder for relevant citations to the current subject matter. This is done in order to obtain the data that is required. In relation to medicine mitapivat has been examined for its ability to cure a wide variety of inherited haemolytic anaemias in clinical investigations. Some examples of these conditions include pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) sickle cell disease and thalassemias.
It has been demonstrated that mitapivat is both safe and effective in treating adults with PKD in two phases III clinical trials and the development of the medicine is very close to being finished. Based on these findings mitapivat may end up becoming the very first medication in the history of the world to receive regulatory approval.
Allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase mitapivat has shown promise in treating various hereditary hemolytic anemias including sickle cell disease PKD and alpha- and beta-thalassemia.
Phytochemicals for the Improvement of Cognitive Function through Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway
Cognition is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the brain and its processes which include the intelligence and behaviour of living beings. Humans are generally equipped with a capacity for cognitive function at birth but some conditions such as infection and oxidative stress lead to impaired cognition. Herbal drugs/phytochemicals are utilized in order to get better cognitive functions and alleviate symptoms associated with impaired cognition function. Yet there still remains no complete cure for cognitive dysfunction with most current treatments offering symptomatic relief. This has prompted us to review the importance of phytochemicals and the mechanism by which they may augment cognitive functions. For the present review a comprehensive literature search was conducted by referring to the research and review articles published by authentic journals and available on web databases. Indeed numerous plant-based drugs have traditionally been used to combat learning and memory-associated deficits but many available drugs are potentially toxic alkaloidal cholinesterase inhibitors. Findings by various researchers exhibited that many plant-based drugs act through a different mechanisms such as inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activation of antioxidant defence and augmenting the blood flow to the brain. The aim of the present review is to highlight the importance of phytochemicals in the modulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways (CAP) in neurodegenerative disease. For this available literature was critically analysed. Through a comprehensive review of the recent research findings this article concludes that medicinal plants serve as reservoirs of various successful drugs for cognition improvement which belong to different classes of secondary metabolites. We also observe that phytochemicals can modulate cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways (CAP) in neurodegenerative disease although the mechanism of action of most natural/herbal extracts and their compounds is not yet fully explored.
Biopolymers in Floating Drug Delivery Systems
Floating drug delivery systems are significant for gastric retention characteristics and improving the absorption and bioavailability of drugs. Several polymers have been used in such systems as drug carriers. Biopolymers including alginate chitosan guar gum and gelatin obtained from plant or animal sources have also been applied in such systems. Such biopolymers are biocompatible and biodegradable and provide suitable characteristics for swelling and hydrogel formation. The present review summarizes several biopolymers used in floating drug delivery including their sources structure and recent research studies for gastric retention.
Applications of Selenium Nanoparticles in Phytoremediation
Heavy metal contamination in soil and water poses a severe global environmental challenge particularly in rapidly industrialized regions. While conventional remediation methods exist their widespread implementation is hindered by high costs time-intensive processes and complex technical requirements. This review aimed to explore an innovative approach combining phytoremediation with green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) for enhancing heavy metal removal. Our analysis revealed that plants treated with green-synthesized Se-NPs exhibited more efficient uptake of heavy metals compared to traditional phytoremediation alone. Some key advantages include enhanced metal accumulation capacity increased plant biomass production and improved stress tolerance. The green synthesis of Se-NPs primarily using plant extracts and biological materials offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to chemical and physical synthesis methods. These biogenic Se-NPs exhibit dual benefits: promoting plant growth and remediation efficiency while demonstrating valuable biological properties including antioxidant antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Our findings demonstrated that the integrated approach achieved 40–60% greater heavy metal removal compared to conventional methods while also reducing treatment costs by approximately 30%. The review also identified promising applications in large-scale soil restoration projects and agricultural land rehabilitation suggesting a practical pathway for sustainable environmental remediation.
Atopic Dermatitis: A Review on Nanocarrier-based Dermo-pharmaceutical Formulation for Inflammatory Effect
Atopic dermatitis (AD) a disorder that is on the rise affects about 20% of people globally including children. It is believed that immunological inadequacies pathogenic microorganisms the environment and anomalies in the function of the epidermal barrier interact intricately with the pathophysiology of AD. Studies on the impact of oxidative stress on many skin conditions have been carried out but there aren’t many on AD. Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors are among the available drugs; nonetheless they cause burning sensations skin atrophy and systemic side effects that hinder patient adherence. These limitations emphasize how important it is to have a fresh approach to AD management. Inflammation the biological reaction of the immune system can be caused by a number of factors such as pathogens damaged cells and poisonous substances. Herbal anti-inflammatory medications and their ingredients offer strong defence against a range of pro-inflammatory mediators in illnesses and conditions.
Due to their ability to protect encapsulate and discharge the cargo at the location of skin damage. Nanomaterials have attracted a lot of interest as a way to provide medications for skin conditions like AD. However many unanswered questions remain particularly when creating safe formulations and translating proven nanomedicines into usable products for clinical use. Lipidic polymeric metal silica liposomes hydrocarbon gels and many other formulations have been developed as carriers for poorly soluble and permeable pharmaceuticals. This field is still developing. This review aims to shed light on incidents linked to the pathophysiology of AD and the difficulties facing current AD treatments. The review emphasizes the advantages of different nanomedicines in resolving problems with existing products and their possible prospects for the future.
Optimizing Congo Red Dye Removal Using Sodium Borohydride-reduced Bent/Fe NPs and Bentonite in Aqueous Solutions
The presence of synthetic dyes like Congo Red in wastewater poses serious and persistent environmental health hazards as a result of their toxicity and stability. Therefore developing an efficient and reusable adsorbents for the elimination of dye is quite important in order to address water pollution challenges.
The study aims to classify the efficacy of sodium borohydride-reduced Bent/Fe NPs and crude bentonite in removing Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions.
Sodium Borohydride was utilized in order to synthesize Bent/Fe NPs dragging its reducing capacities in order to enhance its adsorption properties. Batch adsorption experiments were performed in order to estimate the removal efficacy under multiple conditions consisting of initial dye concentration pH and contact time. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were analyzed using Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models.
Bent/Fe NPs exhibited significant removal efficiency reaching up to 91.97% removal of Congo Red dye with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L in alkaline conditions. Adsorption data was found to align well with the Freundlich isotherm model signifying heterogeneous adsorption sites. It also fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicating that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism taking place. Also the adsorbent displayed excellent reusability preserving substantial efficiency up to three cycles.
Sodium borohydride reduced Bent/Fe NPs offer an assuring efficient and reusable solution for Congo Red dye removal from aqueous solution. The high adsorption capacity and its affinity with alkaline conditions and its excellent reusability make them a feasible choice for wastewater treatment applications.
Integrative Healing: Exploring the Pharmacological Approach and Impact of Yoga on Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a complex type of brain damage caused by external factors. Depression is one of the major comorbidities that follow making things more difficult for patients and caregivers. Post-traumatic depression is a serious condition that can increase rates of death and morbidity especially as it gets worse. Though constant discussion exists about the best ways to treat the condition a conclusive answer is still out of reach. Interestingly traditional non-pharmacological treatments that have been used for a long time to treat a wide range of illnesses have just returned to prominence because they may be able to help prevent treat and even cure several mental conditions. Among these yoga stands out as a particularly effective means of enhancing focus which in turn supports mental health productivity and general well-being while reducing thoughts of suicide. Moreover the technique exhibits a noticeable impact on the control of neurohumoral transmissions which presents a possible treatment option for post-traumatic depression. This study explores in great detail the complex pathological relationship between traumatic brain injury and depression indicators highlighting the critical role that yoga plays in the treatment of post-traumatic depression.
Updated Assessment of Drug Delivery Techniques for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Dermatophytes typically cause onychomycosis which accounts for 50% of all nail diseases. Although formerly thought to be a cosmetic issue it has recently gained attention because of its chronic nature and challenging treatment with relapses. Due to the lengthy treatment period and high expense associated with treating onychomycosis numerous attempts have been made to overcome the hard nail barrier. Oral and topical medications are traditional treatments for onychomycosis. Despite their effectiveness oral antifungal medications have hepatotoxic effects and can be mixed with other medications. Topical therapy improves patient compliance because it has no negative side effects. However improper nail penetration poses a problem. Therefore the goal of enhancing topical administration to effectively treat onychomycosis has been pursued for decades. Despite all efforts issues with nail delivery have not been much closer to being resolved. Recently the focus has shifted to novel drug delivery technologies such as polymeric films metallic nanoparticles microemulsions and nail lacquers to enhance drug penetration and localized therapy. A global study is investigating their potential as efficacious treatment modalities. Thus the goal of this review is to learn about innovative delivery methods for the treatment of onychomycosis a persistent fungal disease.
Optimization of L-Asparaginase Production from Endophytic Fungus Rhizomucor Variabilis Strain CBS 103.93 Isolated from Mushroom
Asparaginase an enzyme that changes L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid has attracted a lot of interest recently due to its potential to prevent the development of cancer.
In the present study the endophytic fungi isolated from wild mushrooms were tested for their ability to produce extracellular L-asparaginase.
The isolated organism was identified as Rhizomucor variabilis strain CBS 103.93 by morphological and molecular identification. The enzyme and substrate incubation time of 10 minutes showed the highest production of L-asparaginase at 3.850 U/mL. Rhizomucor variabilis strain CBS 103.93 exhibited the highest enzyme activity on the fourth day of the incubation period at pH 7.0. The most beneficial carbon source was found to be mannitol and substrate concentration at 1.5% resulted in maximum enzyme production. Inorganic nitrogen (NH4)H2PO4 and organic nitrogen source peptone exhibited maximum enzyme activity. Rhizomucor variabilis strain CBS 103.93 species produced the enzyme under optimal conditions and a 5-fold increase (from 3.850 U/mL to 19.25 U/mL) was achieved after optimization in submerged fermentation.
The optimization processes are beneficial for the industrial production of L-asparaginase for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Hence it is possible to say that it may find its future application in the pharmaceuticals industry and food industry.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Vildagliptin Microspheres Using Pectin and Xanthan Gum as Polymers
Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4-related inhibitor that is often utilised in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. It is possible that sustained therapeutic levels of vildagliptin for a prolonged length of time might be achieved by controlled release of the drug in the gastrointestinal system which would result in an improvement in the efficacy of treatment. Due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability biopolymers such as alginate (sodium) pectin and xanthan gum are frequently utilized in drug delivery systems. This is because these biopolymers are good alternatives for the development of controlled-release formulations.
This study aimed to formulate and in vitro evaluate the vildagliptin microsphere using pectin and xanthan gum.
The delivery of vildagliptin was accomplished by the development of beads that were constituted of sodium alginate-pectin and sodium alginate-xanthan gum. Adjusting the proportions of sodium alginate pectin and xanthan gum resulted in the production of pH-sensitive beads throughout the synthesis. This was accomplished through the use of a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced ionic gelation approach.
The FTIR revealed the compatibility of medicines and polymers. The synthesized beads were tested for scanning electron microscopy differential scanning calorimetry drug content swelling ratio and in vitro dissolution analysis. The microscopic pictures showed beads of spherical shape and mostly semi-spherical with a broken and rough surface. Swelling was found to be pH-dependent indicating that water absorption might be minimal in an acid medium and high in an alkaline pH condition. The in-vitro dissolving study depicted controlled drug release.
This study recorded the successful formulation of vildagliptin microspheres using sodium alginate pectin and xanthan beads for the controlled release of vildagliptin.
Phytochemicals as Therapeutic Agents for ESKAPE Pathogens
The worldwide increase of antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens which includes Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. constitutes a substantial public health hazard constraining treatment alternatives and elevating morbidity and mortality rates. As traditional antibiotics diminish in efficacy phytochemicals are capturing interest due to their varied antibacterial characteristics and decreased susceptibility to developing antibiotic resistance. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids terpenes phenolics flavonoids and organosulfur compounds have multi-target processes that might provide innovative strategies for addressing infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens.
The investigation sought to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanisms via which different phytochemicals could hinder and destroy the resistance pathways of ESKAPE bacteria emphasizing their potential to serve as therapeutic agents in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Investigation demonstrates that some phytochemicals may disrupt many bacterial functions such as cell wall production membrane integrity quorum sensing and biofilm development in ESKAPE pathogens. For example carvacrol from essential oils has shown efficacy against S. aureus by reducing staphyloxanthin synthesis and altering regulatory proteins including SarA. Furthermore conessine has altered resistance in A. baumannii by inhibiting the AdeIJK efflux pump. Flavonoids like resveratrol and curcumin have shown synergistic benefits with conventional antibiotics by improving their effectiveness while minimizing toxicity. These chemicals address several resistance pathways impairing the ability of infections to build resistance.
Phytochemicals provide an opportunity to facilitate the development of novel therapies targeting antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE bacteria. Extensive efficacy and distinctive multi-target mechanisms of phytochemicals provide them promising candidates for combination therapy possibly reinstating antibiotic effectiveness and decelerating the development of resistance. Additional investigation into the increase of bioavailability and clinical usage is essential to fully exploring the medicinal potential of phytochemicals.
Potential of Phytomolecules in Countering Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing
The excessive exploitation of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial illnesses has resulted in the emergence of several strains that are resistant to different drugs. Due to the widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to various drugs significant efforts are being made to identify appropriate alternative medicines to combat harmful microorganisms. Given the observed link between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance recent efforts have been directed towards a promising strategy that aims to control and prevent biofilm formation. This strategy involves targeting and inhibiting the quorum sensing system which has been extensively shown to play a central role in biofilm formation. The conventional approach to controlling infectious disorders involves the use of substances that are designed to either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant challenge to public health. This therapeutic target has been extensively explored globally. However the scientific data on it are not up-to-date and only recent studies have begun to explore its potential as a target for combating infectious diseases. An important issue with this strategy is the commonly observed emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents. This paper aimed to present a comprehensive overview of the quorum sensing system in bacteria focusing on its role in biofilm formation and the development of antibiotic resistance. Additionally it provides an update on the significance of targeting this system with natural substances for therapeutic purposes.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion Lipid Particles of Curcumin for Improving Bioavailability
To overcome the drugs’ low bioavailability and/ or solubility the development of novel oral delivery approaches using lipid-based formulations has been of growing interest. Curcumin being a Class IV drug has poor solubility and poor permeability. One of the biggest obstacles to its use in therapeutic treatment is this.
In order to increase drug bioavailability this research aimed to create Solid Dispersion Lipid Particles (SDSLs) in which Solid Dispersion (SD) was enclosed in solid lipid particles as the drug's core packaging.
For this Curcumin (CUR) was selected as a model drug PEG 6000 was used as a polymer Stearic acid was used as the lipid phase and Poloxomer 188 was used as a surfactant. Different batches of SD were formulated by solvent evaporation method. SDSLs were prepared by the melt-emulsification ultrasonication method and characterized for their % yield % drug loading % drug encapsulation efficiency zeta potential FTIR spectroscopy XRD studies in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation.
The optimized formulation showed the highest % EE and sustained in vitro drug release. The release mechanism was Super Case II and the Higuchi equation was the best fit for the data.
SDSLs have sustained release effects and demonstrated enhanced ex vivo permeability which could lead to improved bioavailability. These studies demonstrate that SDSL could be a promising oral formulation for enhanced bioavailability.
Current and Traditional Approaches to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Treatment: A Review
Among fertile women Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic and endocrine condition. This disorder is characterised by hyperandrogenism (high levels of male hormones) recurrent anovulation (ovulation failure) and polycystic ovaries. Infertility hirsutism and irregular menstruation are typical symptoms. The primary objective of this review is to provide a current and comprehensive approach to treating PCOS.
The databases PubMed Frontiers ScienceDirect Springer Wiley and MDPI were utilised for the literature search. We used keywords such as PCOS hirsutism medicinal plants obesity anovulation and related variations to identify relevant articles and materials.
The findings indicated that several herbal remedies such as Saraca asoca Moringa oleifera Asparagus racemosus Glycyrrhiza glabra Panax ginseng and Cimicifuga racemosa as well as various natural compounds including glycosides anthraquinones chlorogenic acid apigenin epigenin and flavonoids show preliminary evidence supporting their potential in the management of PCOS.
Herbal treatments are appealing because they are natural and may have fewer side effects. Several herbs have shown promise in managing PCOS symptoms. While traditional treatments for PCOS remain important the growing interest in complementary and alternative therapies highlights the need for further research into the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants. Alternative approaches may include lifestyle modifications nutritional supplements and the use of herbal remedies.
This review primarily focuses on evaluating the efficacy of herbal medicines in the management of PCOS. The drawbacks of traditional therapy are driving an increase in interest in alternative treatments for PCOS management. New scientific findings and their application in conventional therapy suggest that they may play a crucial role in the overall treatment of this complex illness.