Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents) - Online First
Description text for Online First listing goes here...
-
-
The Predictive Value of Monocyte-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fengfeng Deng, Jianqi Sun, Lixia Liu, Mingfa Zhang, Xin Wang, Chenting Zhan, Cunxin Qiu, Jianping Hu and Leiming XiaAvailable online: 03 September 2025More LessBackgroundPulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a significant contributor to cardiac mortality in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the advancement of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). The Monocyte-to-High-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (MHR), a newly identified biomarker indicative of inflammatory and oxidative stress, has not been extensively researched in the context of pulmonary hypertension, especially within the scope of dilated cardiomyopathy.
ObjectiveGiven the reason mentioned above, our research explores the correlation between the MHR and the severity of PH in patients suffering from DCM.
MethodsIn this study, we conducted a retrospective review of medical data from 107 individuals diagnosed with non-ischemic DCM, evaluating their clinical profiles, biochemical indicators, MHR, and echocardiographic parameters. We analyzed the relationships between Pulmonary Arterial Systolic Pressure (PASP) and the Ejection Fraction of the Left Ventricle (LVEF). Utilizing logistic regression analysis, we determined the predictors of PH.
ResultsFindings indicated that the DCM-PH group exhibited a significantly larger male population and elevated New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification scores (both with p-values <0.001 and 0.01, respectively) compared to the DCM-only group. A positive association was observed between the PASP and parameters, such as the Dimensions of the Left Atrium (LAD) and Left Ventricle in Systole (LVDs), Monocyte (M) levels, Direct Bilirubin (DB), and MHR. Conversely, an inverse relationship was noted with serum lipid profiles, including Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL Cholesterol (HDL-c), and apolipoprotein A1. LVEF demonstrated positive linkage with the same lipid profiles and the Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness (LVPWT) yet showed negative correlations with the NYHA classification, Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Standard Deviation (RDW-SD), Total Bilirubin (TB), Direct Bilirubin (DB), and dimensions of the left ventricle in diastole and systole, as well as MHR. Through logistic regression analysis, several factors were recognized as significant predictors for the severity of PH within the DCM cohort, with weight (OR1.20, CI 1.022-1.409, p=0.026), RDW-SD (OR1.988, CI 1.015-3.895, p=0.045), LVPW (OR3.577, CI 1.307-9.792, p=0.013), LVDd (OR1.333, CI 1.058-1.680, p=0.015), MHR (OR3.575, CI 1.502-8.506, p=0.032), and TB (OR1.416, CI 1.014-1.979, p=0.041) showing positive associations, while apoB (OR0.001 CI0.001-0.824, p=0.045) exhibiting negative associations, all with p-values <0.05.
ConclusionHigher MHR and LVD correlate with increased PASP and reduced LVEF in DCM-PH patients. MHR and LVPW are independent predictors of PH severity, indicating their potential as novel severity markers in DCM-related PH.
-
-
-
From Flavor to Medicine: A Review Unveiling Phytochemistry and Potential Applications of Coriandrum sativum
Authors: Shahzadi Bano, Jamal Akhtar Ansari, Farogh Ahsan and Abdul Rahman KhanAvailable online: 18 August 2025More LessIntroductionCoriandrum sativum (C. sativum), widely known as coriander, is a herb of global significance, valued for its flavor and therapeutic properties. Originating from the Mediterranean, it has acclimatized to various continents, including Europe, Africa, and Asia.
MethodThis review article was compiled from the data obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Hinari, and EBSCO.
ResultsThe herb thrives in areas with favorable agricultural climates, such as India, China, and parts of Europe. The plant's phytochemical spectrum is notably rich, featuring essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids. The seed oil is predominantly composed of linalool, complemented by γ-terpinene, decanal, and geranyl acetate. Both leaves and seeds are rich in nutrients, including tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolics, and anthocyanins. C. sativum has shown beneficial effects in easing anxiety, depression, and convulsions, protecting neural health, combating bacteria and fungi, repelling insects, and supporting cardiovascular and diabetic health.
DiscussionThese benefits are mainly due to the combined action of its phytochemicals. The toxicity study of this plant revealed that it is safe when administered in single or multiple doses. The essential oils of the herb have also been explored for their repellent and fumigant capabilities. Various clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its different pharmacological safety profiles and assess its therapeutic potential.
ConclusionThis review aimed to discuss the botanical features, chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, toxicity studies, and clinical trials. Further study is needed related to embryonic and other toxicities.
-
-
-
The Effect of Sri Lankan Medicinal Herbs on the Reduction of Dyslipidemia
Available online: 07 July 2025More LessCardiovascular disease remains a leading global cause of mortality, with dyslipidemia as a major risk factor. While conventional lipid-lowering therapies are effective, they may have adverse effects, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. With its rich biodiversity and long-standing traditional medicine practices, Sri Lanka offers a natural alternative through medicinal plants with antilipidemic properties. Many of these plants are commonly used in Sri Lankan cuisine, not only enhancing flavor but also providing bioactive compounds that regulate lipid levels. This review explores the role of Murraya koenigii, Garcinia quesita, Garcinia zeylanica, Moringa oleifera, Tamarindus indica, Piper nigrum, and Trigonella foenum-graecum in managing dyslipidemia. These plants have demonstrated lipid-lowering effects by reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol, enhancing fat metabolism, and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The review also promotes the integration of these herbs into daily meals for cardiovascular disease management, offering a natural remedy and prevention method. By integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research, Sri Lanka can enhance its healthcare system and improve cardiovascular health outcomes.
-
-
-
Acute Effect of Black Tea, Green Tea, and Coffee on Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose in Healthy Female Subjects
Authors: Esther Oluwasola Aluko, Ezekiel Etim Ben and Grace Edet BassyAvailable online: 24 June 2025More LessIntroductionThe consumption of tea and coffee as beverages is prevalent worldwide, with each having potential health implications. The study investigated the effect of black tea (BT), green tea (GT), and coffee on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and blood glucose level (BGL) in healthy females.
MethodsForty (40) participants aged 18 to 26 were randomly assigned to four groups: control (250 mL warm water), GT (2 g GT dissolved in 250 mL of hot water), coffee (2 g coffee dissolved in 250 mL of hot water), and BT (2 g BT dissolved in 250 mL of hot water) groups with 10 subjects each. Each group was given its designated drink once a day for three consecutive days. Baseline measurements of BP, HR, and BGL were taken after a 15-minute rest before the consumption of the beverages. Follow-up measurements were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after consumption for cardiovascular indices, and 30 and 60 minutes for BGL. This procedure was repeated for three days.
ResultsThe results showed no significant changes in BP, HR, and BGL in all the experimental groups compared to the control group.
DiscussionCoffee and tea are popular beverages enjoyed worldwide, recognized for their numerous health benefits largely due to their bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols and caffeine. The different concentrations of polyphenols and caffeine in these drinks can affect various physiological functions in distinct ways. The results of the present study showed no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or blood glucose level among healthy young female participants who consumed green tea, coffee, and black tea, respectively. Although some previous studies have indicated that these beverages can significantly impact these health metrics, other research has shown no notable changes. The lack of significant findings in this study may be attributed to its short duration; a more extended study could potentially uncover significant changes.
ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that green tea, black tea, and coffee have no acute effect on blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose levels in healthy female individuals. It can therefore be concluded that green tea, black tea, and coffee have a neutral effect on these physiological parameters, but a more elaborate study is highly recommended.
-
-
-
Adropin and Spexin Peptides Ameloriate Cardiac Inflammation, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Vascular Response
Authors: Gülsün Memi, Burak Yazgan and Ebru TaştekinAvailable online: 09 May 2025More LessBackgroundChronic renal failure (CRF) triggers chronic systemic inflammation and causes vascular calcification, a prominent contributor to the progression of cardiovascular disease. Adropin and spexin peptides regulate energy balance; also, these peptides trigger anti-inflammatory pathways.
ObjectiveOur present study aimed to clarify the potentially protective impact of spexin and adropin peptides on cardiovascular inflammation in an adenine-induced chronic renal failure model.
MethodsThe CRF model in Sprague-Dawley rats was established by the administration of adenine hemisulfate for ten days. Then, rats were treated with saline or adropin, or/and spexin for four weeks. CRP, CK, and CK-MB levels in serum were measured by autoanalyzer. Aortic contraction-relaxation responses were determined by the organ bath system. H&E, PAS, and Masson's trichrome stainings evaluated histopathological alterations in both aorta and cardiac tissue. Gene expression levels of ILs (IL1β, IL10, IL17A, IL18, IL21, and IL33), MMPs (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and MMP14), NGAL, TGFβ1, TIMP1, and TNFα in cardiac tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR.
ResultsWe found increased CK and CK-MB levels by CRF induction. In addition, IL1β, IL17A, IL18, IL21, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, and MMP14 increased after CRF progression. While adropin has effects on CK levels, spexin decreases CK-MB levels. Also, adropin and spexin had a nitric oxide-dependent impact on vascular reactivity. Besides, spexin downregulated IL1β, IL10, IL17A, TGFβ1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, MMP14 and NGAL; however, the adropin peptide had a limited effect.
ConclusionThese results suggest that adropin and spexin have potential preventive roles on vascular damage in CRF progression via modulation of MMPs and inflammatory genes.
-
-
-
MOTS-c as a Potential Diagnostic-prognostic Biomarker for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abdulkadir Çakmak and Burak YazganAvailable online: 09 May 2025More LessBackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is a disease characterised by myocardial necrosis due to acute and prolonged ischaemic hypoxia in the coronary arteries. MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that has been reported to have protective effects on cardiac tissue. Although this peptide is thought to be decreased in various diseases and can serve as a potential biomarker, current studies remain limited.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate how the post-treatment process affects circulating MOTS-c peptide levels in myocardial infarction patients.
MethodsFor this purpose, patients without obstructive coronary lesions on angiography were included in the control group, while those with significant obstructive coronary lesions on angiography were included in the infarction group. Routine biochemistry tests were performed using an autoanalyzer. Besides, serum MOTS-c levels were measured using ELISA.
ResultsOur findings showed CRP, ESR, and troponin I levels to be higher in the MI group compared to the control group. Also, there was no significant change in MOTS-c levels between the control and the MI group, while time-dependent changes (day 0, day 3, and day 30) occurred within the MI group. However, a negative correlation was found between MOTS-c and platelet levels in the MI group at day 0 (r: -0.4417, p =0.0450). Similarly, MOTS-c was found to be negatively correlated with troponin I in the MI group at day 3 (r: -0.4571, p =0.0372).
ConclusionThe negative correlation of MOTS-c level with both platelet and troponin I has shown that this peptide may contribute to the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of the MI process along with other parameters.
-
-
-
Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Exploring Advanced Therapies
Authors: Dushyant, Balram, Gurvirender Singh, Nitish Kumar, Smita Narwal and Ashwani K. DhingraAvailable online: 26 February 2025More LessThe recognition of oxidative stress as a factor influencing the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is growing. By producing such reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diverse areas within cells, including mitochondria and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen (NADPH)-oxidases, they end up causing damage through the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. ROS indicates the beginning of inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction, which are necessary to produce obstructions in blood vessels and decreased blood vessel function. The fact that oxidative stress plays a significant role in CVD development draws more attention to the need for novel therapies that aim to correct redox imbalances. Therefore, natural polyphenols and antioxidants like vitamin C or E have shown their efficacy in lowering levels of ROS and protecting against the damage caused by oxidative stress. Anyone attempting to cure CVDs should focus on improving the safety and efficacy of antioxidant treatments and identifying which patients will benefit from them the most. This paper discusses not only advanced treatments but also the role played by oxidative stress in such CVD as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and ischemic heart disease.
-
-
-
Emerging Biomarkers for Assessing Thrombotic Risk in Patients Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs)
Authors: Ashmi Sabana M. and Alwin Simon M.Available online: 16 December 2024More LessDirect Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) have transformed the management of thrombotic disorders, offering a more convenient and effective alternative to traditional vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). However, assessing thrombotic risk in patients treated with DOACS remains crucial due to the potential for recurrent events. Current clinical risk scores have limitations in predicting and monitoring venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in specific DOAC populations. Several emerging biomarkers show promise in assessing thrombotic risk in patients treated with DOACS. Genetic factors like VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants are well-established determinants of warfarin response, but the genetic landscape for DOAC outcomes appears more complex. Rare variants and polygenic approaches may play a role in personalizing anticoagulation therapy. Elevated factor VIII levels are associated with increased VTE recurrence risk after anticoagulation withdrawal in cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) patients. In contrast, the circulating tissue factor is not useful for predicting VTE in this setting. Soluble P-selectin has emerged as a good marker of VTE recurrence, and its inclusion in the Vienna CATS risk model improves VTE prediction in cancer patients. While these biomarkers hold promise, larger studies are needed to validate their utility and establish standardized assays. Caution is warranted in patients at high bleeding risk. Integrating clinical factors, genetics, and circulating biomarkers will likely optimize thrombotic risk assessment in patients treated with DOACS. Continued research is crucial to develop personalized anticoagulation strategies to balance thrombosis and bleeding risks.
-