Recent Advances in Food Nutrition & Agriculture - Volume 16, Issue 2, 2025

Nile tilapia specimens, totaling 184, with an average weight of 247.08 37.04 g, were randomly distributed. Each fish was individually placed in a rectangular tank constituted by a voltage regulator and aluminum electrode. The behavior of the fish subjected to different exposure times (5, 10, 20, and 30 seconds) and electric currents (1.50, 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00 amperes) with alternating and continuous currents was evaluated. Subsequently, the quality of the chilled fillets was checked after slaughter over a period of 35 days. The longest stun time was achieved using an alternating current of 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00A for 30 seconds.

The fillet quality index (FQI) showed a high correlation with the storage time. In the first 15 days of storage, the fish stunned with different alternating currents maintained a higher MQI, meeting the meat quality standard when compared to fish slaughtered by ice stunning. The fish fillets obtained using different electrical currents showed a pH similar to the fish fillets stunned with ice.

Therefore, electronarcosis can be applied in the slaughter of tilapia using alternating current between three and six amps for 30 seconds, with euthanasia time of 37 and 46 seconds, ensuring safety in the slaughter procedures in the industry, the quality of the meat, and the well-being of the animal.

The significantly prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING Database, and key genes were identified using Network Analyzer and CytoNCA plugins within Cytoscape. Further analysis involved functional annotations, and biological pathways analysis, SRC mechanism to uncover the role of SRC in CRC. Additionally, we performed virtual screening and molecular docking, Physiochemical property analysis along with MD simulation study to propose suitable natural compounds for promising therapeutic targets.

The study conducted differential gene expression analysis, identifying 3621 statistically significant genes, with 1467 upregulated and 2154 downregulated. The top ten genes with the highest degree, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality in the PPI network were selected as key genes. The SRC gene was found to have the highest degree and closeness centrality. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of key genes with a specific focus on the SRC mechanism revealed that the SRC's role in activating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in CRC cells, promoting proliferation and invasion. Molecular modelling of SRC led to the screening of phyto-compounds from tropical fruits, with Rutin exhibiting a higher docking score compared to FDA-approved anticancer drugs. MD simulations over 100 ns and the post-MD analysis i.e. RMSD, SASA, RMSF, FEL, RG, Hydrogen bond, PCA, and MMPBSA, comprehended the stable and robust interactions of a protein-ligand complex. These findings suggest Rutin's potential as a potent natural molecule for treating CRC.

The study concludes that SRC plays a pivotal role in CRC, influencing cellular processes critical to cancer development and Rutin has been found to be a promising SRC inhibitor, suggesting a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for CRC. The consistent molecular interactions of Rutin necessitate further validation through wet lab experiments, offering hope for individuals affected by CRC.

Distillery vinasse is one of the promising bio-fertilizers, as it contains significant amounts of essential chemical elements, allied with sorghum that is widely used in the diet of ruminant animals and has been considered as an alternative to the production of other cereals or forages. This study aimed to evaluate saccharin sorghum silage from fertilization with vinasse.

The research was conducted using the BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342 genotypes. The silage was held for 170 days after sowing, with experimental design in blocks with triple factorial (genotypes x fertilization x inoculation) totaling 54 installments. At 95 days, the silos were opened for sample collection and analysis bromatological analysis.

The results indicate the primary source of variation was genotype, characterizing them with different potentials in productivity and better results for BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342. The bromatological results indicate good quality for CR-1339 and CR-1342 hybrids, however, better digestability for BRS-511. There was no observable difference between the factors of fertilization. The inoculation additive assists in the reduction of lignin appears to be high. PCA analysis showed differences between cultivars (BRS-511, CR-1339, and CR-1342) and fertilization. However, the PCAs showed the genotypes show similar results with conventional fertilization and sugarcane vinasse.

The study reflected the possibility of producing sweet sorghum silage with soil sugarcane vinasse fertilization as fertilizer.

The process of bar creation involves improving the texture of the product to increase its palatability, which can be further induced by various physical or chemical changes during storage, such as sugar crystallization and molecular migrations in which Maillard’s reaction occurs, forming the N-epsilon- (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) adduct. In this study, we aimed to assess (the CML) adduct used in commercial bars today as meal substitutes or for athletic or sports purposes. The adduct CML is an advanced glycation end-product (AGEs) found in the human body (serum) and foods. It is the significant ligand for the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE), resulting in chronic inflammation upon CML activation. Additionally, it aimed to assess the amount of AGEs-CML in various energy bars available on the Italian market.

CML OxiSelect™ ELISA was used to assess the quantity of CML bars. The amount of AGE-CML was assessed in commercially available energy bars.

According to the ELISA analysis, CML concentrations per g protein in all the tested energy bars varied from 138,42 to 1387,54 µg/gr per bar and from 461,41 to 3970,46 µg/gr per 100 gr of product, which depends on the quantity of protein.

The amount per gram of protein is relatively uniform (with a variation of about 10%), and when compared to other foods, it is positioned in a medium-low range.

Quantification using an HPLC-FLD based detector and Molecular identification of Ochratoxin-A producing Aspergillus Species isolated from stored grain samples.

Fungi are cosmopolitan in origin and are known to grow in any suitable substratum. In the present investigation, Aspergillus species isolated from stored grain samples were analyzed for ochratoxin-A production.

The objective of this study is the quantification of Ochratoxin and identification of ochratoxigenic fungi.

A total of n=34 black Aspergilli and n=1 Ochre Aspergilli were isolated from grain samples of Bihar, India and it was tested for OTA production. The limit of detection (LOD) is found to be 0.33 µg/kg and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is found to be 1 µg/kg for OTA in HPLC-FLD.

In the present study, out of all the fungal isolates, only TiB fungal isolate was able to produce the ochratoxin-A above the level of LOQ. The positive isolate TiB obtained from stored sesame seed samples was able to produce 25.54 µg/kg of OTA. ITS sequence analysis of TiB isolate was able to match 100% with Aspergillus welwitschiae and Aspergillus foetidus.

This is the initial report of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus fungal isolate isolated from stored sesame seed samples of flood-prone areas of Bihar, India.

Algae extracts are utilized as biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Further, algae are known to possess a high content of plant hormones, such as gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids.

The main objective of this study was to increase the extraction yield and simultaneously extract hormones required for plant growth from Sargassum swartzii using Magnetic recoverable ionic liquid (IL).

In this study, extraction was performed by acidic digestion with acetic acid and then alkaline digestion with potassium hydroxide.

The results showed the ionic liquid effect in extraction yield by 266 percent. The extracted phytohormones were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. High levels of gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids in improved algae extraction showed that seaweed extract could be used as environmentally friendly liquid bio-fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers and could play a crucial role in organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Additionally, the recoverability of ionic liquid eight times with negligible leaching proved the introduced procedure to be cost-effective.

The reported procedure for algae extraction improved by using an acidic/primary ionic liquid environment. This procedure is economical because of the simple reusability of ionic liquid due to its magnetic features.