MicroRNA - Online First

Difficulties in wound healing pose a considerable clinical problem and are a significant source of morbidity in the general population. Systemic disorders such as diabetes and venous insufficiency often result in chronic wounds and an impaired healing process. The healthcare cost of treating chronic wounds in the U.S. already exceeds 20 billion dollars per year and is expected to rise with an aging population and increasing incidence of diabetes. Recently, research and review articles have been used to understand the normal healing process and identify the reasons why certain wounds fail to heal, which should enable the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. Animal models have provided valuable information; however, the healing process differs between humans and animals, and data obtained from in vitro studies can be challenging to extrapolate to a clinical context. In conclusion, this study aims to summarize the current understanding of inflammation, epithelialization, and tissue repair processes, mainly through the use of data from in vitro and in vivo studies. Inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue development, and collagen remodeling are the fundamental steps in the healing process. As a result, any deviation from the normal sequence and time course of events may result in abnormal healing. Wound healing occurs to repair damaged, devitalized, or missing cells and tissues. In human beings, the result is the reestablishment of structural and functional integrity. This is a vital process that all living organisms undergo at some stage in their lives.

In the last forty years, cancer mortality rates have risen by more than 40%, with colorectal cancer (CRC) ranking as the third most common kind worldwide, significantly affected by dietary factors. Restricted access to sophisticated medical treatment and insufficient comprehension of colorectal cancer's biology contribute to its elevated occurrence. Researchers have recognized dysbiosis of the gut microbiome as a critical contributor to the development of colorectal cancer, as it influences the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and subsequent molecular pathways essential for tumor proliferation. Moreover, interactions between gut and skin microbiota can impact systemic health and ncRNA regulation, influencing CRC advancement. This study shows how important the gut-skin microbiome axis is in developing colorectal cancer. It suggests that targeting this axis may lead to new treatments, such as changing the microbiome through probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation. Nonetheless, we must address obstacles such as population heterogeneity and intricate microbiome-host interactions to facilitate the transition of these medicines into clinical practice. This study seeks to elucidate the roles of dietary treatments, microbiomes, and ncRNAs in the etiology and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Colorectal cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide, and it is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors play a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) play an important role in the suppression or development of cancer in various conditions. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been the focus, and the association of CSC and non-coding RNA has played a crucial role in the development of human cancers. These non-coding RNAs are known to be expressed in many cancers. Studies have suggested that ncRNAs are dysregulated in colorectal cancer cells, and different factors, like Wnt and Notch, are involved in this dysregulation. ncRNAs play a significant role in cancer initiation, migration, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs are known to regulate tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Targeting different ncRNAs like miRNA, circular RNA, long noncoding RNAs, and small interfering RNA may provide efficient, targeted therapeutic strategies for colon cancer treatment. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings on the role of noncoding RNAs in the prognosis and diagnosis of colon cancer.