Current Green Chemistry - Volume 13, Issue 2, 2026

Green analytical chemistry (GAC), which emphasizes environmental sustainability and responsibility, has now become an attractive choice for researchers. This review article provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of GAC, which involve reducing excessive solvent consumption, toxicity of reagents, high power output, and complex sample treatment, making the analytical processes more efficient and effective. The article also highlights the recent developments in analytical techniques, like microfluidic devices (miniaturized extraction methods (combining LPME with DES, QuEChERS)), greenness evaluating tools (GAPI, AGREE, NEMI, Eco-scale, etc.) for data analysis, as well as metal-organic frameworks (like bimetallic MoF, Zn-MoF, etc.) to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity due to their larger surface area and superior physical properties as compared to traditional sorbents. Furthermore, these innovations are essential to meet the growing demand for less expensive and more environment-friendly methods for analysis. The various applications of GAC in the fields of food safety, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceutical analysis are discussed here, which might lead to a revolution in analytical techniques, improving health outcomes and fostering environmentally friendly societies.

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, are an increasing health concern worldwide due to their progressive nature and limited therapeutic choices. In search of innovative treatment techniques, herbal plants have received considerable attention due to their possible neuroprotective characteristics. For the literature review, several databases are used like Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, Frontiers, MDPI, Wiley, and Elsevier. This article offers a complete assessment of the neuroprotective properties of several herbal plants in preclinical and clinical research. This article discussed the active components, modes of action, and therapeutic potential of selected medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Withania somnifera. These plants have a variety of neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurogenesis-promoting properties. Additionally, this review emphasizes the synergistic benefits reported when employing mixtures of these plants or combining them with conventional therapies. Despite encouraging results, existing research is sometimes restricted by small sample numbers, diversity in study designs, and lack of uniform dosing. Future studies should overcome these limitations through well-designed clinical studies and standardized extraction processes to fully understand the neuroprotective potential of these herbal plants. This review emphasizes the importance of incorporating herbal medicines into the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative illnesses.

There is an urgent need to investigate viable alternatives to address the significant environmental concerns created by the widespread use of non-biodegradable and non-recyclable synthetic plastics. Bioresource-based polymers from natural materials such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, lignin, and agricultural waste have shown great promise. These biodegradable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign materials address major concerns about the environmental and health effects of petroleum-based polyolefin plastics, which are widely utilized in the packaging, automotive, medical, and agricultural sectors. This review focuses on recent advances in bio-based polymers, blends, and composites reinforced with natural fibers and fillers, demonstrating their potential to replace traditional plastics. It also tackles the difficulties of cost reduction, performance improvement, and processing efficiency. Bioresource-based polymers have the potential to reduce plastic pollution and promote a more sustainable future by prioritizing innovation in material selection and manufacturing techniques.

The growing demand for sustainable energy alternatives has highlighted biofuel as a promising substitute for fossil fuels. Coconut husk, a byproduct of the coconut industry, remains an underused but abundant biomass resource with significant potential in biofuel production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current technologies, challenges, and strategic opportunities in utilizing coconut husks for biofuel generation. It looks at thermochemical processes like pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion, as well as biochemical processes like anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and transesterification, focusing on how well they work, how much they can produce, and how they affect the environment. While coconut husk offers advantages in terms of biomass availability and calorific value, various technical, economic, and regulatory barriers must be addressed to unlock its full potential. Key challenges include feedstock processing, cost-effective conversion technologies, and regulatory and market limitations. Additionally, the review compares coconut husk to other biomass feedstocks, highlighting its sustainability and yield benefits. Case studies of regional programs in major coconut-producing areas provide insights into real-world applications and outcomes. The review also identifies critical research gaps in life cycle assessment, environmental impact, and policy development. Future directions emphasize technological advancements and policy measures to enhance the viability of coconut husks as biofuel sources. Overall, this review underscores coconut husk's potential as a sustainable biofuel feedstock, advocating for coordinated efforts to address existing challenges and advance renewable energy adoption.

Mercury is a pollutant of concern due to its negative influence on the environment and human health. Hydrotalcites, also known as layered double hydroxides, have attracted tremendous attention over the last few years in several fields such as healthcare and environmental remediation. Herein, a novel hybrid ZnAlLDH was synthesized to test its effect on mercury adsorption capacity. ZnAl-CO3/LDH synthesized using the co-precipitation method is grafted with a new phosphonic acid named2-(bis(phosphonomethyl)amino)ethane-1-sulfonic acid synthesized in our laboratory. Materials were characterized using textural, structural and morphological analysis. Mercury removal is measured by adsorption tests under relevant conditions. Parameters affecting the extraction process such as stirring speed, adsorbent dose, Hg²⁺ concentration, pH, ionic strength and temperature were fully studied and discussed. In effect, LDH intercalation with phosphonic acid and the optimization of mercury adsorption conditions improved the adsorption capacity of the prepared material by ca. 40%.87% of Hg²⁺ was successfully removed from aqueous solution. The hybrid LDH was also investigated in antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A22), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC17978)), Gram-positive (Bacillus (ATCC11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC43300) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923)) bacteria and Candida albicans (ATCC26790) fungus.