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Green analytical chemistry (GAC), which emphasizes environmental sustainability and responsibility, has now become an attractive choice for researchers. This review article provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of GAC, which involve reducing excessive solvent consumption, toxicity of reagents, high power output, and complex sample treatment, making the analytical processes more efficient and effective. The article also highlights the recent developments in analytical techniques, like microfluidic devices [miniaturized extraction methods (combining LPME with DES, QuEChERS)], greenness evaluating tools (GAPI, AGREE, NEMI, Eco-scale, etc.) for data analysis, as well as metal-organic frameworks (like bimetallic MoF, Zn-MoF, etc.) to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity due to their larger surface area and superior physical properties as compared to traditional sorbents. Furthermore, these innovations are essential to meet the growing demand for less expensive and more environment-friendly methods for analysis. The various applications of GAC in the fields of food safety, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceutical analysis are discussed here, which might lead to a revolution in analytical techniques, improving health outcomes and fostering environmentally friendly societies.
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