Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents) - Online First
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Analytical Techniques for the Quantification and Validation of Resveratrol: A Review
Authors: Harsh Goel, Kandasamy Nagarajan, Lalit Mohan Nainwal and Snigdha BhardwajAvailable online: 23 September 2025More LessIntroductionTrans-resveratrol is a bioactive polyphenol that has been widely studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective properties. It holds promise in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations but is limited by poor bioavailability and stability.
MethodsThis review synthesizes validated analytical methods for quantifying trans-resveratrol across various matrices. A comprehensive literature search (2000–2024) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on RP-HPLC, HPTLC, GC, and UV spectroscopy. Method validation follows ICH guidelines.
ResultsThirty-seven validated analytical methods were reviewed. RP-HPLC using C18 columns with acetonitrile-water mobile phases dominated the literature. The most sensitive technique identified was LC-MS/MS (LOD = 0.001 μg/mL), particularly effective in biological samples. Matrix types included wine, serum, and nanoparticle formulations.
DiscussionRP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS have emerged as robust techniques for resveratrol quantification due to their sensitivity and specificity. Emerging tools like biosensors and UPLC offer rapid analysis with lower solvent consumption. Challenges such as isomerization, photodegradation, and matrix interferences necessitate stringent sample-handling protocols.
ConclusionAdvanced chromatographic methods, especially RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS, are essential for the reliable quantification of trans-resveratrol. Future research should focus on analytical standardization and the development of novel delivery systems to enhance resveratrol's pharmacokinetic profile.
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Developments in the Management Strategies for Allergy: Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Suraj Kumar, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Javedh Shareef and Tarun WadhwaAvailable online: 16 September 2025More LessIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming biomedical research by offering advanced tools to analyse complex datasets. In the field of allergy studies, however, the translation of AI-generated insights into clinical practice remains limited and underutilised.
MethodThis review critically discussed the current applications of AI in allergy studies. It focuses on the methodological foundations of AI, including machine learning and clustering algorithms, and assesses their practical benefits and limitations. Representative case studies are explored to demonstrate real-world applications, and challenges in data quality, integration, and algorithmic fairness are examined.
ResultsAI techniques have shown promise in tasks such as disease phenotyping and patient stratification within allergy research. Case studies reveal that AI can uncover immunological insights and support precision medicine approaches. However, the field faces challenges, including fragmented data sources, algorithmic bias, and the limited presence of therapeutic AI tools in clinical practice.
DiscussionDespite the demonstrated potential, several barriers hinder the broader adoption of AI in allergy care. These include the need for high-quality, standardised datasets, ethical oversight, and transparent methodologies. The review highlights the importance of these factors in ensuring the reliability, reproducibility, and equity of AI-driven interventions in allergy research.
ConclusionAI holds significant promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling personalised treatment strategies in allergy care. Realising its full potential will require robust frameworks, ethical governance, and interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome current limitations and drive clinical translation.
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Optimization and In-Vitro Characterization of Tetrahydrocurcumin Loaded Niosome for Psoriasis Management
Authors: Akash Garg, Chetan Singh Chauhan, Rohitas Deshmukh and Rutvi AgrawalAvailable online: 25 August 2025More LessIntroductionThe low solubility and permeability of tetrahydrocurcumin act as a barrier in its therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in the topical treatment of skin diseases like psoriasis.
MethodNiosomes were prepared using thin-film hydration method using span 60, cholesterol as independent variables in Box Behnken design. Particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug loading were taken as dependent variables. In Box Behnken design the levels are -1, 0, and +1. The values for span 60 are 50, 75, and 100mg and for cholesterol 10, 20, and 30mg.
ResultsThe optimized formulation has a particle size of 116.9 nm, entrapment efficiency of 94.7% and, drug loading of 85.23%. The niosomes showed first-order release kinetics property and maintained stability at 4°C and 25°C for three months. The desirability score obtained was 0.896.
DiscussionThe optimized niosomal formulation enhanced THC’s solubility, permeability, and stability, supporting its potential for effective topical psoriasis treatment. Future studies will focus on in situ gel incorporation and in vivo validation.
ConclusionThe developed formulation significantly improves the solubility and permeability of tetrahydrocurcumin which leads to improved therapeutic effectiveness in the formulation for the treatment of psoriasis. Further studies will incorporate these niosomes in in situ gels for the application.
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Exploring Anti-inflammatory Compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii in High Cholesterol-induced Zebrafish Larvae: Revealing Cardiovascular Potential
Authors: Rabika Ramalingam, Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam and Ambika BineshAvailable online: 26 June 2025More LessIntroductionThe study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii by employing zebrafish larvae as a model system.
Materials and MethodsThe seaweed extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, uncovering the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins, and cardiac glycosides. UV-visible, FTIR, and GC-MS were employed to identify the presence of bioactive compounds. The western blotting method was used to confirm the target proteins.
ResultsAnalysis through GC-MS revealed the presence of specific organic bioactive compounds, including 4-chlorobuten-3-yne, Methane-D, trichloro, and 1-propanol,2-(1-methylethoxy), each with distinct retention times. In the group induced with a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) were elevated, and K. alvarezii treatment successfully reversed this effect. Additionally, the HCD group exhibited upregulation in the protein expression of MMP-9, MMP-13, MPO, IL-6, TNFα, and NFκB due to inflammation, whereas K. alvarezii therapy reversed the inflammatory process in the treated group. These findings indicate the potential of K. alvarezii to counteract inflammatory responses induced by a high-cholesterol diet through modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities and downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers.
ConclusionKappaphycus alvarezii shows promise for developing natural sources for antiradicals, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and various functional foods with therapeutic applications.
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Chronic Treatment with Angiotensin-(1-7) Improves Metabolism by Modulating Adipose Tissue and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Alanna Fernandes Paraíso, Jaciara Neves Sousa, João Marcus Oliveira Andrade, Eloá Mangabeira Santos, Débora de Farias Lelis, Charles Santos Da Costa, Jones Bernardes Graceli, Bruna Kaicy Barbosa, Lucyana Conceição Farias, Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Daniele Teixeira Alves, Maik Gollasch, Robson Augusto Souza Santos and Sérgio Henrique Sousa SantosAvailable online: 20 June 2025More LessBackgroundAngiotensin-(1-7) is a crucial endocrine modulatory peptide that can enhance conditions like diabetes, obesity, and other features of metabolic syndrome. However, there is a lack of data on its long-term effects.
AimThis study aimed to assess the impact of chronic oral administration of Angiotensin-(1-7) on adipose tissue modulation and metabolic processes in mice.
MethodsThe Angiotensin-(1-7) peptide oral formulation was encapsulated within the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin oligosaccharide (HPβCD) matrix. Male Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (ST)+HPßCD; ST+Ang-(1-7); high-fat diet HFD+HPßCD, and HFD+Ang-(1-7). The treatment lasted for 12 months, during which body weight, food intake, glycemic and lipid profiles, visceral adiposity, oxidative stress indicators, histological parameters, quantitative real-time PCR assessments, and comprehensive in silico bioinformatics analyses were conducted.
ResultsProlonged treatment with Ang-(1-7) led to improvements in glucose levels, visceral body adiposity, decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and reduced oxidative stress. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that AKT1, an insulin signaling effector (INS), and key inflammatory markers like IL-6 and VEGF may be potential molecular mediators of Angiotensin-(1-7) effects. Non-obese animals treated with Angiotensin-(1-7) showed increased expression levels of AKT1, supporting the findings from the bioinformatics analysis.
ConclusionThis study demonstrates that chronic oral use of Ang-(1-7) enhances adipose and metabolic parameters, suggesting its potential as a long-term therapeutic agent for regulating metabolic disorders.
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Novel Mouth Rinse Displaying Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Properties: An in vitro Study
Available online: 11 June 2025More LessIntroductionPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring effective anti-inflammatory treatments. Nano-silver and essential oils have shown potential due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Combining these agents offers a promising therapeutic approach. This study investigated the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of a novel essential oil compound containing nanosilver using HaCaT and THP-1 human leukemia monocytic cell lines.
Materials and MethodsNeutral red uptake (NRU) assay was used to assess cytotoxicity and ELISA to evaluate the inflammatory cytokines. The test compound was compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Cytotoxicity was determined in HaCaT and THP-1 cell lines using NRU assay. TNF-α expression was measured using ELISA, and COX-2 inhibition assay was performed.
ResultsCytotoxicity of the test compound was nearly absent. TNF-α levels decreased in positive control (2.81 pg/ml) and test samples (1.30 pg/ml) compared to control (22.04 pg/ml). COX-2 inhibition assay revealed test compound (0-20%) and positive control (0-100%), with 25 μM celecoxib as a standard. IC50 for HaCaT cells was 0.6334% (positive control) and 0.6051% (test group). IC50 using THP-1 cells was not converged for the test and 424.6% for positive control. IC-50 for COX-2 inhibition was 1.469% in the test and 8.801% in the positive control.
DiscussionThis study showed the possibility of novel essential oils and nano-silver-containing compounds as a medication material in preventing gingivitis. The cytotoxicity was negligible, while the level of TNF- α was much decreased, and COX-2 activity assays indicated its efficiency in anti-inflammatory properties. The results encourage the therapeutic potential of the compound for periodontitis, and further studies are required to demonstrate therapeutic efficiency and safety.
ConclusionResults demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the test compound on COX-2 activity. The potential of a novel test compound containing essential oils and nano-silver as a promising anti-inflammatory agent warrants further investigation for its therapeutic applications in periodontitis.
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