Current Pharmaceutical Design - Volume 31, Issue 37, 2025

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that is common and incurable. In psoriasis, skin cells proliferate more quickly than normal cells, suggesting a possible immune system connection. The topical treatment of psoriasis is best when applied in combination with anti-inflammatory medications; however, the lack of an appropriate delivery method limits the drugs' ability to be delivered. Due to several problems, including adverse reactions and problems with penetration, the current oral and topical treatments for psoriasis fall short of meeting the need for an optimal drug delivery method. None of them, however, can completely treat the illness safely and effectively without jeopardizing patient adherence. ILC3 typically contains retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) in its nucleus. Its development occurs when stimulated by IL-23 and IL-7, leading to the production of IL-22 and IL-17. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems are implicated in the recent, substantial advancements in genetics and molecular biology that have improved our understanding of PsA pathogenesis. Evidence-based targeted therapy has been introduced as a result, mostly using drugs known as tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. Because of their high ethanol concentration, etheromethanes provide more effective and improved bioavailability compared to previous dosing formulations. The principles, preparation process, most recent developments, and applications of ethosomes, however, are not well described in a systematic study. Size, shape, drug content, zeta potential, and other characteristics are examples of ethosome characteristics. Esthosomes can be prepared using four distinct methods, including thin-film hydration, the cold method, the hot method, and the reverse-phase evaporation method. All the information presented in this article was gathered from diverse sources, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and various online platforms, like WHO, Globacon, and others.

The human gut microbiome has emerged as a crucial component of health and disease, presenting novel opportunities for the development of drug delivery systems based on microbiome interactions. This paper explores advanced strategies utilizing microorganisms, engineered bacteria, viruses, and bacteria-encapsulated nanoparticles as next-generation therapeutic vehicles. Focusing on analytical approaches to phage therapy and bio-hybrid bacteria for targeted drug delivery, the article highlights recent breakthroughs in colon-specific targeting for gastrointestinal disorders. The study also delves into the emerging field of pharmacomicrobiomics, with an emphasis on applications in cancer, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous system treatments, specifically targeting key drug classes such as ACE inhibitors, proton-pump inhibitors, and NSAIDs. Challenges related to cytotoxicity and toxicity are addressed, offering proposals for safer therapeutic applications. This review underscores the transformative potential of the microbiome in personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery, with a focus on its integration with advanced technologies to optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a complex and diverse group of transcripts, typically longer than 200 nucleotides, which do not encode proteins but play crucial roles in regulating gene expression. They exert their influence through various mechanisms, such as interacting with DNA, mRNA, and proteins, which allows them to modulate a wide array of biological processes. Recent studies have underscored the importance of lncRNAs in the development of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, particularly in the context of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain, is a leading cause of long-term neurological deficits. This review delves into the emerging role of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, exploring how these non-coding RNAs influence critical molecular and cellular pathways involved in the brain's response to hypoxia-ischemia. Notable advancements, such as the identification of lncRNAs, like BC088414 and FosDT, highlight their dual roles as mediators of injury and potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the feasibility of lncRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in translating lncRNA research into clinical applications. Issues, such as delivery mechanisms, off-target effects, and the ethical considerations surrounding gene modulation, must be addressed. By synthesizing current research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, paving the way for future research and novel therapeutic strategies targeting these non-coding RNAs in neurological disorders.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are specialized synthetic materials with custom-designed molecular recognition properties. They are created by polymerizing monomers around a template molecule. MIPs play a crucial role in various analytical fields, including drug detection in biological samples, protein and peptide identification, pollutant monitoring in water and soil, and detecting additives, contaminants, and pesticide residues in food. Additionally, they aid in identifying toxins, viruses, and small molecules. Their versatility, cost-effectiveness, and reusability enhance precision and efficiency in analytical processes. As technology and knowledge in the field continue to advance, the potential applications of MIPs are expected to expand, making them a crucial asset in various scientific and industrial endeavors. In this review, various techniques, which include analyte, sample type, key analytical parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, relative standard deviation, recovery, and correlation coefficient), and corresponding references, along with an overview of MIP applications across multiple domains, are described.