Medicine (General)
Blood Pressure Control Among Diabetic Patients in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The control of blood pressure (BP) is a challenge in diabetic patients and is associated with adverse outcomes of diabetes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we investigated the BP control rate among hypertensive diabetic patients in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries.
We systematically searched PubMed Scopus Embase Cochrane and Web of Science databases up to January 2023 for observational studies on BP control among hypertensive diabetic patients in all EMR countries. We included studies reporting the proportion of hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with controlled BP defined as systolic/diastolic BP < 140/90 or <130/80 mmHg. Study quality was assessed using modified STROBE guidelines and a random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool prevalence data and calculate overall rates. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender study design country and BP control cut-offs (140/90 and 130/80).
Among the 1949 retrieved studies 20 studies assessing 27956 individuals were included. The proportion of BP control regardless of cut-off points was 36.8% (95% CI=29.1%45.3%) based on the studies reported for both genders. The prevalence was 53.2% (95% CI=36.1%-69.6%) and 43.5% (95% CI=20.0%-70.3%) based on the studies reported just for women or men respectively.
Our findings indicate that BP control targets are not successfully achieved in hypertensive diabetic patients in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It is recommended to place greater emphasis on the quality of hypertension care in the management of type 2 diabetes.
The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The aim of this study was to assess how the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the glycaemic control of adolescents aged 10-19 with type 1 diabetes.
A comprehensive search of literature was performed in PubMed Scopus Web of Science and ProQuest. Published articles up to September 2022 were included. The Glucose Monitoring Index (GMI) and HbA1c level were defined as outcome variables. Average glucose level was found to be a common variable in both HbA1c levels and GMI; therefore HbA1c and GMI were converted to average glucose (mg/dL) using appropriate formulas. Studies reported the outcomes in two or three periods (pre-lockdown lockdown and post-lockdown) were included in the analysis. A paired wise meta-analysis was performed among the studies that reported all three periods. Homogeneity across studies was assessed using I2 statistic.
Fourteen studies were included in the study. The pooled average glucose during the lockdown decreased to 166.9 mg/dL (95% CI 153.78 180.02) from 205.793 mg/dL (95% CI 188.412 223.173) during the pre-lockdown period then it increased to 204.23 mg/dL (95% CI 186.17 222.29) during the post-lockdown period. A paired wise meta-analysis indicated a reduction in average glucose levels. However it was not statistically significant possibly due to the small number of studies that reported data from all three periods.
Although the descriptive analysis of our study showed that the lockdown had affected (decreased) the average glucose level among adolescents with type 1 diabetes this was not statistically significant in the pooled analysis.
Prevalence and Predictors of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from the United Arab Emirates
Albuminuria in Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may lead to nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of albuminuria and its associated predictors among type 2 DM patients in the United Arab Emirates.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 DM patients in the diabetic clinic at Fujairah Hospital from 1st January 2016 to 30th January 2020 after getting the ethical clearance. Data were collected electronically from the health information system and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analysis and ANOVA were used for inferential analysis. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Among the 200 patients included in the study the mean age of the study population was 56 years and the majority of them were females (71%). The prevalence of albuminuria was found to be 44%. By using regression analysis glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P=0.038) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; P=0.003) were found to be predictors of albuminuria. One way ANOVA revealed that there were significant associations between the albumin levels and HbA1c (P=0.004) SBP (P= 0.002) diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P=0.028) serum creatinine (Scr) (P=0.039) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P=0.013).
To the best of our knowledge this is the first study from Fujairah emirate that explored the prevalence and predictors of albuminuria in type 2 DM patients. We found a high prevalence of albuminuria among type 2 DM patients. HbA1c and SBP directly contributed to albuminuria. To improve glycemic control patients need to improve physical activity reduce overweight and adherence to medications that improve overall therapeutic outcomes.
Diabetes Mellitus: Exploring Biomarkers, Complications, and Therapeutic Strategies with a Spotlight on Cyanobacterial Bioactive Compounds - A Comprehensive Review
Diabetes regarded as a prevalent metabolic disorder with multifactorial origins contributes to a myriad of global complications. These cumulate an elevated susceptibility to kidney failure nerve impairment blindness atherosclerosis heart ailments and even strokes. Recent investigations underscore the diverse roles of associated biomarkers in diabetes progression. Among these are biomarkers for diabetes mellitus such as DPP-4 PPAR-ϒ SGLT-2 α-amylase and α-glucosidase which are linked to the onset of diabetes and its related problems. As a result of undesirable adverse consequences linked to extant synthetic antidiabetic medications research attention is increasingly directed towards formulating natural antidiabetic drugs aiming for enhanced efficacy and reduced complications. Cyanobacteria stand out as a pivotal repository of natural bioactive metabolites extensively harnessed for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development. The potent bioactive compounds sourced from cyanobacteria hold substantial promise kindling high expectations in scientific research and presenting vast prospects for drug discovery and advancement. Some of these bioactive compounds have demonstrated impressive effectiveness displaying successful applications across various phases of clinical trials. This review strives to provide a more precise understanding of diabetes mellitus encompassing its clinical manifestation epidemiological data complications and prevailing treatment modalities. The objective of this review is to contribute researchers and readers an enhanced and accurate understanding of diabetes mellitus by covering its clinical manifestation epidemiological evidence difficulties and prevailing therapeutics possibilities.
Herbal Insights: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Indian Dietary Herbs in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Management
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a substantial healthcare challenge necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review delves into the evolving role of traditional Indian dietary herbs in managing DCM aiming to shed light on their potential contributions.
A comprehensive examination of the existing body of literature was conducted synthesizing data from studies exploring the effects of various Indian dietary herbs on DCM. Molecular mechanisms clinical outcomes and safety profiles were scrutinized to establish a holistic perspective on their therapeutic potential.
The review illuminates the multifaceted benefits of Indian dietary herbs in DCM management. These herbs have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating cardiac dysfunction reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory responses. Molecular insights highlight their role in the intricate signaling pathways underlying DCM. Furthermore their safety profiles render them promising candidates for adjunct therapy.
Indian dietary herbs emerge as promising allies in the battle against DCM offering a holistic approach to the management of this intricate condition. Their cardioprotective effects coupled with their ability to address the underlying molecular mechanisms herald a new era in DCM therapy. This review underscores the need for further research to harness the potential of these herbs fully and provides a beacon of hope for individuals affected by DCM.
Phloridzin's Diabetic Wound Healing Potential through DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibition: A Review Article
Diabetic wound healing is a dynamic medical process that takes place in an environment within the body that is complex and contains elevated sugar levels oxygen deprivation and cellular oxidative stress. Phloridzin (Phlorizin) is one of the most well-known polyphenols found in apples because of its anti-inflammatory antioxidant antibacterial antidiabetic and antiseptic properties; it can also play a significant part in the healing of diabetic wounds.
The study aimed to investigate the role of phloridzin as an efficient DPP-4 inhibitor with additional therapeutic effects in diabetic wound healing as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) expression increases in response to increases in glucose Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and inflammation. Phloridzin inhibiting DPP-4 preserves Stromal cell-derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α) Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) which are possible DPP-4 substrates involved in wound healing.
The accessible material from systemic searches in PubMed Scopus and published articles was reviewed with no period of limitation.
The in silico study showed strong binding of phloridzin with DPP-4 protein (2P8S); also in vitro DPP-4 inhibition assay has shown better inhibition by phloridzin. This study offers new research directions for examining phloridzin’s capacity to withstand oxidative stress as well as for redefining its tactical function as a powerful DPP-4 inhibitor to regulate the process involved in the healing of diabetic wounds.
Evidence of a Bi-Directional Relationship between Arterial Stiffness and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
There are numerous cross-sectional studies showing an association between arterial stiffness and diabetes but the temporality of the association is unclear.
To investigate the temporal relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes.
We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to 31 August 2023 to identify cohort studies that assessed whether arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) was predictive of the development of diabetes and vice versa. We summarised study data and where possible undertook meta-analysis.
We identified 19 studies that included people with type 1 type 2 and gestational diabetes. All 11 studies investigating arterial stiffness as a predictor of diabetes found a significant relationship. Six of those studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The risk of developing diabetes was greater in people with higher PWV at baseline than lower PWV (RR = 2.14 95%CI 1.65 to 2.79 p < 0.00001) and the mean difference in baseline PWV was higher in people who developed diabetes than those who did not (mean difference: 0.77 m/s 95%CI 0.47 to 1.06 p < 0.00001). Of 8 studies investigating diabetes as a predictor of arterial stiffness 7 found a significant relationship.
There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes. Arterial stiffness may provide a causal link between diabetes and future cardiovascular disease.
CRD42019129563.
The Impact of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Prevention and reduction of liver fat accumulation and maintenance of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) have been proposed as important therapeutic goals in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
This study aimed to determine the effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (LV-HIIT) on fatty liver index (FLI) and GFR estimation in patients with T2DM.
This randomized controlled trial included 80 patients with T2DM and a sedentary lifestyle randomly divided into HIIT (n=40) and a control group (n=40). Patients with a history of T2DM for at least one year and HbA1C levels between 6.4% and 10% were selected. The intervention group underwent a 4-week LV-HIIT course comprising 3 sessions per week while the control group did not receive any intervention. FLI eGFR anthropometric measurements and laboratory variables were assessed in all participants before and after the intervention.
FLI (62.0 at baseline 53.0 at follow-up) significantly decreased in the LV-HIIT group after the intervention while eGFR (71.0 at baseline 73.6 at follow-up) significantly increased (P<0.001). However the control group showed a significant reduction only in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (P<0.05). After the intervention the LV-HIIT group had significantly lower FBS (129.0 at baseline 121.0 at follow-up) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (24.0 at baseline 18.0 at follow-up) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (22.0 at baseline 19.0 at follow-up) as well as higher eGFR compared to the control group (P<0.05).
LV-HIIT exercise appears to be a promising and effective training method for improving FLI and eGFR in patients diagnosed with T2DM.
IRCT 20200 729048246N1.
Design of a Low-Complexity Deep Learning Model for Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Recent research demonstrates that diabetes can lead to heart problems neurological damage and other illnesses.
In this paper we design a low-complexity Deep Learning (DL)-based model for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. In our experiments we use the publicly available PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD). To obtain a low-complexity and accurate DL architecture we perform an accuracy-versus-complexity study on several DL models.
The results show that the proposed DL structure including Convolutional Neural Networks and Multi-Layer Perceptron models (i.e. CNN+MLP model) outperforms other models with an accuracy of 93.89%.
With these features the proposed hybrid model can be used in wearable devices and IoT-based health monitoring applications.
Ultrasound Evaluations of Ankle and Foot Muscles in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). 30-50% of diabetics are likely to be affected by DPN. It significantly impacts the skeletal muscles resulting in an accelerated loss of muscle mass. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the ankle and foot muscle changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy using ultrasound.
A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus Embase and PubMed databases which yielded 64 studies out of which 5 studies are included in this meta-analysis.
The meta-analysis shows that the thickness and cross-section area of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle are reduced in DPN as compared to the control group with p-value<0.004 and p-value<0.001 respectively. The thickness of MIL muscle was also smaller in DPN p-value=0.02. Similarly the thickness and CSA of AH muscle are also reduced in DPN patients compared to the control group with p-values of 0.21 and 0.14.
Meta-analysis reveals that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients have reduced foot muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to controls without neuropathy. This highlights the importance of ultrasound in detecting muscle atrophy early in diabetic patients since it provides objective measures beyond traditional screening with its real-time and non-invasive nature.
Diabetes and its Silent Partner: A Critical Review of Hyperinsulinemia and its Complications
In this complex realm of diabetes hyperinsulinemia is no longer regarded as just a compensatory response to insulin resistance but rather has evolved into an integral feature. This comprehensive review provides a synthesis of the current literature including various aspects associated with hyperinsulinemia in diabetic complications. Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to be more than just a compensatory mechanism and the key findings demonstrate how hyperinsulinism affects the development of cardiovascular events as well as microvascular complications. Additionally recognizing hyperinsulinemia as a modifiable factor the diabetes management paradigm shifts towards cognitive ones that consider the use of lifestyle modifications in combination with newer pharmacotherapies and precision medicine approaches. These findings have crucial implications for the clinical work requiring a careful appreciation of hyperinsulinemia's changing aspects as well as incorporation in personalized treatment protocol. In addition the review focuses on bigger issues related to public health showing that prevention and early diagnosis will help reduce the burden of complications. Research implications favor longitudinal studies biomarker discovery and the study of emerging treatment modalities; clinical practice should adopt global evaluations patient education and precision medicine adaptation. Finally this critical review provides an overview of the underlying processes of hyperinsulinemia in diabetes and its overall health effects.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Anti-VEGF Drugs for the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview
The discovery of antivascular endothelial growth factor medications has resulted in a substantial change in diabetic retinopathy treatment. The most common cause of diabetic retinopathy blindness is Diabetic Macular Edema. The pathophysiology of Diabetic Macular Edema is thought to include the well-known pro-angiogenic and pro-permeability factor vascular endothelial growth factor. Over the past decade drugs that impede the functions of vascular endothelial growth factors have established themselves as a standard-of-care treatment for a range of ocular ailments and improved patients' clinical results with diabetic retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema and their frequency has grown exponentially with the introduction of these agents Pegaptanib Ranibizumab and Aflibercept which are approved for ophthalmic indications while Bevacizumab is used off-label. These medications delivered intravitreally have halted the vascular development of diabetic retinopathy. Various randomized trials have proven that antivascular endothelial growth factor medication is safe and effective in preserving vision. Following an extensive period of preclinical development aimed at enhancing and defining its biological impacts these drugs were shown in clinical trials to be effective in treating diabetic retinopathy and other ophthalmic conditions. Data from various sources suggest that Pegaptanib Ranibizumab and Aflibercept are costly while Bevacizumab is cost-effective and in low and middle-income nations it is thus a desirable therapy choice. However issues with compounding counterfeiting and off-label usage restrict its availability in many nations. The pharmacology pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics adverse effects and contraindications of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents are discussed and the results of clinical trials evaluating their efficacy are summarized.
An Updated Review on Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Interventional Therapies
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation affects up to 50% of individuals with diabetes.
In this article potential mechanisms biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets will be discussed as well as their interventional therapies.
A literature review was done from databases like Google Scholar PUBMED-MEDLINE and Scopus using standard keywords “Diabetic Nephropathy” “Biomarkers” “Pathophysiology” “Cellular Mechanism” “Cell Therapy” “Treatment Therapies” from 2010-2023. It has been studied that metabolic as well as hemodynamic pathways resulting from hyperglycemia act as mediators for renal disease.
We identified 270 articles of which 210 were reviewed in full-text and 90 met the inclusion criteria. Every therapy regimen for the prevention and treatment of DN must include the blocking of ANG-II action. By reducing inflammatory and fibrotic markers brought on by hyperglycemia an innovative approach to halting the progression of diabetic mellitus (DN) involves combining sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. When compared to taking either medicine alone this method works better. AGEs protein kinase C (PKC) and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) are among the components that are inhibited in DN management strategies.
Thus it can be concluded that the multifactorial condition of DN needs to be treated at an early stage. Novel therapies with a combination of cell therapies and diet management are proven to be effective in the management of DN.
Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Contrast agents directly cause kidney toxicity in patients who are candidates for percutaneous intervention having cardiovascular disease with type 2 diabetes.
This meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of SGLT2i on renal function in individuals undergoing percutaneous intervention.
The databases used for the search included Google Scholar PubMed Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials and Scopus. We considered randomized controlled and observational studies published from January 2013 to August 2023. Eligibility to include the studies was assessed independently. The Cochrane modified data extraction form and Joanna Briggs Institute were used to extract the data. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The GradePro software was used to measure the certainty of the evidence.
The pooled estimate showed a substantial reduction in serum creatinine levels at 48 and 72 hours post-PCI who received SGLT2i (MD -9.57; 95% CI -18.36 -0.78; p-value 0.03 and MD -14.40; 95% CI -28.57 -0.22; p-value 0.05). There was a decrease in the occurrence of the CI-AKI among SGT2i users (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32 0.67; p value< 0.0001). No substantial difference was observed in the number of patients requiring hemodialysis; however a lower proportion of patients among SGLT2i users required hemodialysis (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.19 4.07; p-value = 0.87).
The use of SGLT2i confers substantial beneficial effects on kidney function and reduces the occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury among diabetes patients undergoing PCI procedures with cardiovascular disease.
The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Recently there has been a notable increase in interest in various forms of vegetarianism which may be due to the growing prevalence of health issues such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Adhering to a vegan diet may have positive health outcomes. As a result we conducted a review article to gather data from previous research studies on the effects of a vegan diet on different aspects of managing patients with T2DM.
We searched the PubMed website for research studies on how a vegan diet affects the outcomes of patients with T2DM. The research studies were categorized according to the type of data collected such as prevalence incidence body weight insulin resistance glycemic control and lipid profile.
It was found that following a vegetarian diet can significantly reduce the risk of mortality from heart disease. Additionally studies have demonstrated that a vegetarian diet is linked to several improvements in T2DM. However long-term weight loss plans and managing T2DM is a comprehensive intervention that includes caloric restriction exercise and behavioral modification.
Incorporating a vegan diet can be a valuable factor to consider in managing T2DM as it can offer numerous benefits such as increased insulin sensitivity weight loss and reduced blood sugar levels. It helps to reduce cholesterol levels LDL and triglyceride levels which are all risk factors associated with T2DM. By reducing these risk factors the vegan diet can improve the overall health of T2DM patients.
Integration of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension on Major Cardiovascular Events: An Experience From a 15-year Follow-up Cohort Study in EMR
Patients with hypertension and diabetes are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on cardiovascular events and mortality in a Middle Eastern population-based cohort.
Fifteen-year follow-up data were collected for 6323 adults aged 35 years and older who were free from CVD at baseline. The subjects were categorized into different groups according to hypertension and diabetes at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was implemented to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of hypertension and diabetes for cardiovascular events (CVE) CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. Population-attributable hazard fraction (PAHF) was used to assess the proportion of hazards of CVE and mortality attributable to hypertension or diabetes.
The incidence rates (95% CI) of CVE CVE mortality and all-cause mortality in the total population were 13.77(12.84-14.77) 3.01(2.59-3.49) and 9.92(9.15-10.77) per 1000 persons per year respectively. The HR of hypertension for CVE in the diabetic population was 1.98 (1.47-2.66) with a PAHF of 27.65(15.49-39.3). When the HRs and PAHF of diabetes were evaluated in hypertensive patients they were statistically significant for CVE CVE mortality and all-cause mortality.
Our study indicated that the joint effect of diabetes and hypertension is the dramatic increased risk of CVE. A considerable fraction of the excess risk of CVE in patients with diabetes was attributable to hypertension on the other hand diabetes was associated with a substantial hazard fraction of CVE and mortality in hypertensive patients.
The Role of Dietary Anthocyanins for Managing Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Complications
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an intricate metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia arising from disruptions in glucose metabolism with two main forms type 1 and type 2 involving distinct etiologies affecting β-cell destruction or insulin levels and sensitivity. The islets of Langerhans particularly β-cells and α-cells play a pivotal role in glucose regulation and both DM types lead to severe complications including retinopathy nephropathy and neuropathy. Plant-derived anthocyanins rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties show promise in mitigating DM-related complications providing a potential avenue for prevention and treatment. Medicinal herbs fruits and vegetables abundant in bioactive compounds like phenolics offer diverse benefits including glucose regulation and anti-inflammatory antioxidant anticancer anti-mutagenic and neuroprotective properties. Anthocyanins a subgroup of polyphenols exhibit diverse isoforms and biosynthesis involving glycosylation making them potential natural replacements for synthetic food colorants. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy and safety of anthocyanins in controlling glucose reducing oxidative stress and enhancing insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients emphasizing their therapeutic potential. Preclinical studies revealed their multifaceted mechanisms positioning anthocyanins as promising bioactive compounds for managing diabetes and its associated complications including retinopathy nephropathy and neuropathy.
Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence Enables Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Prior to Clinical Manifestation
The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) persists at epidemic proportions. Early diagnosis and/or preventive efforts are critical to attenuate the multi-systemic clinical manifestation and consequent healthcare burden. Despite enormous strides in the understanding of pathophysiology and on-going therapeutic development effectiveness and access are persistent limitations. Among the greatest challenges the extensive research efforts have not promulgated reliable predictive biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment. The emerging fields of multi-omics combined with machine learning (ML) and augmented intelligence (AI) have profoundly impacted the capacity for predictive preventive and personalized medicine.
This paper explores the current challenges associated with the identification of predictive biomarkers for T2D and discusses potential actionable solutions for biomarker identification and validation.
The articles included were collected from PubMed queries. The selected topics of inquiry represented a wide range of themes in diabetes biomarker prediction and prognosis.
The current criteria and cutoffs for T2D diagnosis are not optimal nor consider a myriad of contributing factors in terms of early detection. There is an opportunity to leverage AI and ML to significantly enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease and identify prognostic biomarkers. The innovative technologies being developed by GATC are expected to play a crucial role in this pursuit via algorithm training and validation enabling comprehensive and in-depth analysis of complex biological systems.
GATC is an emerging leader guiding the establishment of a systems approach towards research and predictive personalized medicine. The integration of these technologies with clinical data can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of T2D paving the way for precision medicine approaches and improved patient outcomes.
Cell Therapies and Gene Therapy for Diabetes: Current Progress
The epidemic of diabetes continues to be an increasing problem and there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. There are several promising drugs and molecules in synthetic medicinal chemistry that are developing for diabetes. In addition to this approach extensive studies with gene and cell therapies are being conducted. Gene therapy is an existing approach in treating several diseases such as cancer autoimmune diseases heart disease and diabetes. Several reports have also suggested that stem cells have the differentiation capability to functional pancreatic beta cell development in vitro and in vivo with the utility to treat diabetes and prevent the progression of diabetes-related complications. In this current review we have focused on the different types of cell therapies and vector-based gene therapy in treating or preventing diabetes.