Current Cardiology Reviews - Volume 21, Issue 5, 2025

The widespread use of plastics and improper disposal have resulted in the ubiquity of microplastics in the environment, from uninhabited polar regions to terrestrial ecosystems. This ubiquity poses significant health concerns for our environment and health. Various in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies have indicated microplastic toxicity in humans' respiratory, digestive, neurological, reproductive, and developmental health. Read More

BackgroundPatent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in premature infants requiring intervention to avoid problems. Despite improvements in lowering radiation exposure and employing better contrast agents, fluoroscopy is still the most widely employed technique, which exposes interventional echocardiographers to radiation risks. Techniques, such as Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)-guided procedu Read More

IntroductionPediatric heart failure (HF) poses diagnostic challenges, especially in emergency settings, where misdiagnoses are common.AimThis study aimed to investigate the causes of HF in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and provide insights into age-related disparities and clinical classifications.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 402 pediatric patients with CHD during the ye Read More

Atherosclerosis stands as the primary cause of CVD, characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol deposits within macrophages in medium and large arteries. This deposition promotes the proliferation of specific cell types within the arterial wall, gradually narrowing the vessel lumen and impeding blood flow. Intra-plaque hemorrhages are recognized as critical events in atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the deposition of Read More

IntroductionReducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the aim of lipid-lowering therapy (ASCVD). It is commonly acknowledged that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cause of ASCVD. Several online databases and search engines, such as PubMed and the Cochrane Library, were used to conduct a thorough search.MethodsThis study included RCTs assessing the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on cardiovasc Read More

Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) refers to the changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle, influenced by mechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic factors. These changes are directly linked to an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Various parameters are used to assess cardiac geometry across different imaging modalities, with echocardiography being the most commonly Read More

Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, is crucial for regulating energy equilibrium, managing body mass, and influencing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Leptin decreases appetite, boosts energy usage, and has a significant impact on glucose metabolism by primarily activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. Obesity leads to the development of leptin resistance, which is marke Read More

BackgroundSupraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT.MethodsThrough analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant literature, the review elucidates the genetic properties and potenti Read More

Chronic ischemic heart failure (CIHF), caused by myocardial injury and cell loss, is a growing public health concern. Despite substantial investments in pharmaco- and device therapies for acute myocardial infarction and CIHF over the past decades, long-term prognosis has shown little improvement. There is a clear need to develop novel therapeutic strategies capable of attenuating progression from acute to chronic m Read More

Introduction/ObjectiveOutcomes of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or in samples with mixed heart failure subtypes are variably described. Hence, we investigated the prevalence and adverse outcomes of ID in a sample of mixed heart failure subtypes.MethodsAdult patients admitted with HF over a six-month period were retrospectively studied. ID was defined as serum ferritin Read More

IntroductionThoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are worrisome for their propensity to dissect. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of statin use, particularly with slowing aortic aneurysm growth. The aim of this meta-analysis was to consolidate existing research to ascertain if statins effectively reduce TAA growth.MethodsMultiple databases were searched to identify studies assessing TAA growth in Read More