HPTLC Studies, in silico Docking Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Elaeocarpus ganitrus as a Gastroprotective Agent

Objectives: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, a member of the Eleocarpaceae family, is valued in Hinduism and Ayurveda, and is frequently used as a remedy for a variety of illnesses. The plant is reputed to treat a number of stomach issues. The purpose of the study was to produce high-quality scientific data regarding gastroprotective behavior, docking experiments with cholinergic receptors, and HPTLC (with lupeol and ursolic acid). To develop the mechanism of herbal extracts, in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were evaluated. Different leaf extracts were treated with various reagents to determine the presence of various metabolites. An examination of the histopathology was conducted to determine the full impact of the extract. Methods: Methanolic extract was chosen for HPTLC investigations after extraction with various solvents. A mobile phase of toluene, ethylacetate, and formic acid (8:2:0.1) was chosen. Molecular docking was utilized to examine how ursolic acid and lupeol are bound to cholinergic receptors (M3). Different extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were tested for their ability to provide gastroprotection in Wistar rats at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). Results: Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites. HPTLC data showed the presence of both standards. Docking studies exhibited very good interactions with the M3 receptor. Pharmacological studies revealed that extract-treated groups significantly reduced the ulcer index in all of the models mentioned above. The histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies, which were conducted utilizing various doses and found to be effective in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro analysis proved that the abovementioned extracts may act as antagonists of acetylcholine and histamine. Conclusion: The data obtained would be valuable for the production of the monograph of the plant and conducting concept-related clinical studies in the future. More investigation is required since the gathered scientific data may lead to new research opportunities.