Current Nutrition & Food Science - Online First

Our study aimed to analyze the expression of the Soy allergen in GM-positive and GM-negative soybeans.

The expression of proteins in genetically modified (GM) crops has been the most prominent concern to allergenic reactions in the field of biotechnology and the concern of regulatory agencies to retain human health. Among allergies, soybean allergy is an imperative category of food allergy. Worldwide in crops, soybean is a highly consumable commercial food, therefore, to achieve this requirement; genetic modifications in crops were introduced.

For this purpose, several primer sets were used for the detection of CaMV 35S and Agrobacterium tumefaciens Nopaline Synthase (NOS) in samples for GM crop screening using PCR. Comparative analysis and quantification Soy allergen protein expression (soy28k) in genetically modified and non-genetically modified soybeans was not previously analyzed using ELISA.

This study confirmed that genetic modification is also one of the causative effects of provoking allergenicity as increasing the level of intrinsic Soy allergen protein analyzed in GM-positive soy sample. The ELISA results have shown a significant difference (***p<0.000) in the expression of soy28k allergen between the GM-positive and GM-negative samples.

In order to increase consumer safety and enable the industry to conduct a meaningful risk assessment, screening, and detection of allergens in various matrices are necessary.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The rising global burden of NAFLD underscores the need for effective management strategies.

This review examines the impact of dietary modifications and physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health in NAFLD patients. The review synthesizes current evidence on the effectiveness of physical activity and diet in improving liver function and reducing hepatic fat accumulation.

Increased physical activity, including both aerobic and resistance exercises, has been shown to significantly reduce hepatic fat and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with NAFLD. Additionally, complementary dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean-style diet, enhance these effects. The review further discusses the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the progression of NAFLD and the importance of personalized lifestyle interventions.

Effective management of NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates lifestyle modifications, behavioral support, and emerging technologies for non-invasive diagnosis and disease monitoring. Future research should focus on personalized therapeutic strategies and the long-term sustainability of interventions to mitigate the global health impact of NAFLD.

Diabetes and hyperlipidemia are prevalent metabolic disorders that significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality. Current pharmacological interventions often present limitations, including side effects, poor bioavailability, and high costs. Natural alternatives with fewer adverse effects are increasingly sought, with Rosa damascena (Damask rose) showing promise beyond its traditional use in perfumery and cuisine. The main aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Rosa damascena distillate in managing alloxan-induced diabetes and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rat models, and to evaluate its potential as a natural alternative for metabolic disorder management.

Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups for each experimental model. For the anti-hyperglycemic study, diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal alloxan injection (120 mg/kg). Treatment groups received either water (disease control), glibenclamide (3 mg/kg), or rose distillate (2.5 or 5 ml/kg) orally for 21 days, with fasting blood glucose monitored at regular intervals. For the anti-hyperlipidemic study, hyperlipidemia was induced via a high-fat diet for two months, followed by 30 days of treatment with either a fat-rich diet alone (disease control), atorvastatin (2 mg/kg), or rose distillate (2.5 or 5 ml/kg), with subsequent serum lipid profile analysis.

Rose distillate demonstrated significant dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemic activity, with the higher dose (5 ml/kg) showing superior glycemic control compared to glibenclamide after prolonged administration. By day 21, the higher-dose treatment reduced fasting blood glucose to 116.20±20.72 mg/dL compared to 141.82±8.33 mg/dL with standard treatment. In hyperlipidemic rats, both doses effectively normalized lipid profiles, significantly reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels comparable to atorvastatin therapy, while modestly increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol. No significant differences were observed between the two rose distillate dosage regimens in their anti-hyperlipidemic effects.

Rosa damascena distillate demonstrates remarkable therapeutic efficacy against both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, with mechanisms likely involving antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and metabolic pathway modulation through bioactive constituents including quercetin, kaempferol, eugenol, and citronellol.

These findings validate traditional ethnomedicinal applications and position rose distillate as a promising natural intervention for metabolic disorders, warranting further clinical investigation to establish optimal dosing regimens and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy in human populations.

Aquaculture advises against using antibiotics and synthetic hormones for tilapia fish growth due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance, environmental contamination, and disruption of the fish microbiome. The search for alternative fish growth promotion strategies has been an extensive one. The effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on intestinal histology, biochemical parameters, and haematology indices of Oreochromis niloticus is examined in this study.

To produce the experimental diet of 35% crude protein, yeast at varying quantities were added to the basal feed ingredient in the following amounts: 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg, which corresponded to the groups G1 (control), G2, G3, and G4, respectively. Twelve (12) concrete ponds, each with a capacity of 1,500 litres, were the culture structures for the experiment. Two hundred and forty mixed-sex Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings were stocked, and each pond was randomly allocated twenty fingerlings. Each parameter assessed was replicated 3 times.

The result on growth parameters showed that the highest final mean weight (86.33± 3.51 g), average daily growth (1.14±0.05 g), percentage mean weight gain (278.05±4.59%), and Specific Growth rate (7.41±0.08 g) were obtained in G3 fed with 10g/kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While the lowest final weight (38.00±4.58 g), average daily growth (0.28±0.07 g), percentage mean weight gain (68.23±16.66%), Specific Growth rate (4.84±0.50 g) was obtained in G1, fish fed with control diet. The study's results on blood parameters indicate that the O. niloticus fed 5 g/kg of yeast in G2 had the highest mean values of Red Blood Cells at 4.49±0.23 × 10⁶ µ/l, Haemoglobin at 3.73±0.20 g/dl, and Mean Cell Haemoglobin Content at 46.03±0.07. While the fish fed 15 g/kg of yeast in G4 had the lowest mean values of 3.48±0.35 × 10⁶ µ/l, 3.73±0.31 g/dl, and 31.80±0.05, respectively. The greatest mean values of White Blood Cells at 10.53±0.35 × 10³ µ/l, Parked Cell Volume at 15.50±0.50%, and Mean (red) Cell Volume at 38.08±0.06 were observed in fish fed with the control diet. Fish given 5 g/kg (G2) had the greatest levels of total protein, glucose, globulin, and cholesterol, with mean values of 62.00±0.93 g/dl, 14.30±0.20 g/dl, 48.00±1.00 and 3.34±0.05 g/dl respectively.

The study suggests that increasing yeast concentration in O. niloticus diets increases mucosa surface area and promotes nutrient absorption, with minimal adverse effects on intestinal histology, biochemical parameters, and haematology indices of Oreochromis niloticus.

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) serves as a primary methyl group acceptor, with its conversion to creatine constituting a major methylation pathway. While prior studies have established a relationship between dietary GAA intake and total folate levels, its effects on individual folate vitamers remain poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary GAA intake and serum concentrations of total folate and specific folate vitamers in a nationally representative U.S. population.

Data were drawn from the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 8,485 participants. Dietary GAA intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall, and serum concentrations of total folate and five folate vitamers were measured through standardized laboratory analyses. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for demographic and dietary covariates, were used to assess associations.

Higher dietary GAA intake was significantly associated with lower serum levels of total folate (B = −0.280, P < 0.001), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF; B = −0.265, P < 0.001), 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-methenyl-THF; B = −0.001, P = 0.021), and 4-α-hydroxy-5-methyl-THF (MeFox; B = −0.007, P = 0.006). These associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounders.

5-methyl-THF and 5,10-methenyl-THF appear to be more sensitive biomarkers of dietary GAA exposure compared to other folate vitamers, such as folic acid and tetrahydrofolate; these compounds should be routinely evaluated to effectively monitor the nutritional effects of GAA in human studies.

Dietary intake of GAA is inversely associated with serum concentrations of total folate and key folate vitamers. These findings suggest that GAA may influence methyl group availability and homocysteine remethylation via its impact on folate metabolism. Further investigation is warranted to explore the metabolic and clinical implications of these associations.

Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health concern as its global prevalence continues to rise. Non-pharmacological treatments may offer promising results for diabetic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamon-based cookies on blood glucose and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.

A randomized block design was used, involving five groups: a non-diabetic group, a positive control group receiving 0.6 mg/kg/day of glibenclamide, a negative control group receiving aqua dest, a group receiving cinnamon extract cookies (0.2 g/kg), and a group receiving powdered cinnamon cookies (0.6 g/kg). A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into these groups (n = 8 per group). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The intervention lasted for 21 days, during which body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. At the end of the intervention, the rats were sacrificed, and blood serum was collected via intracardiac puncture. Body weight was measured using a digital scale, while blood glucose levels were determined using a glucometer. The serum was then analyzed for SOD, MDA, and insulin levels using the ELISA method.

The study demonstrated that both types of cinnamon cookies significantly decreased blood glucose levels by day 3, with the cinnamon powder cookies achieving levels comparable to those of non-diabetic rats by day 7. Additionally, both types of cookies significantly improved SOD and insulin levels and reduced MDA levels in the rats. However, the body weight of the diabetic rats was not fully restored.

These findings suggest that cinnamon could be utilized in food product development for blood glucose control, with cinnamon powder potentially offering more favorable results.