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image of Design and Characterization of Niosomal In-Situ Gel for Enhanced Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine HCl in Schizophrenia

Abstract

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a typical psychotic disorder, also known as a split mind disorder, characterized by symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, and lack of insight. Chlorpromazine HCl is an antipsychotic medication commonly used to treat schizophrenia. The drug has an extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and poor bioavailability. In addition, it is poorly permeable, resulting from its hydrophilicity.

Methods

A niosomal nasal gel loaded with chlorpromazine HCl was developed for brain delivery in the current study. The thin-film hydration method was used to formulate noisome, 32 randomized full factorial design was used for optimization. They were evaluated for in-vitro drug release, zeta potential, EE%, particle size, and shape and morphology. To create an gel, these noisome were subsequently incorporated into a Carbopol-934P and HPMC-K4M liquid gelling solution.

Results

The vesicle size ranged from 111.3 nm to 171.4 nm, with the optimized F batch having a zeta potential of -32.0 mV. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 74.71% to 91.78%, and cumulative percent release ranged from 83.83% to 95.61%. Ex-vivo studies showed 93.74% drug permeation through sheep nasal mucosa after 8 hours.

Discussion

The nasal niosomal gel of chlorpromazine HCl offers a promising approach for targeted brain delivery in schizophrenia, improving drug retention and patient compliance. Its potential for rapid relief makes it suitable for patients with poor oral absorption or compliance, and may help reduce hospital admissions during acute episodes.

Conclusion

This research demonstrated that niosomes have the potential for intranasal delivery of Chlorpromazine HCl, offering advantages over conventional formulations.

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2026-01-08
2026-02-02

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Design and Characterization of Niosomal In-Situ Gel for Enhanced Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine HCl in Schizophrenia
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855396615251031210933
/content/journals/cdth/10.2174/0115748855396615251031210933
/content/journals/cdth/10.2174/0115748855396615251031210933
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: in-situ gel ; Schizophrenia ; Niosomes ; Carbopol-934P ; Intranasal drug delivery system ; Chlorpromazine hydrochloride

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