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The temperate, subtropical climates of Odisha state, India, provide significant benefits that can help it become a potent producer of many species of edible mushrooms. The importance of mushrooms in diets has gained more attention in recent years due to their nutritional benefits. We aimed to update and discuss the current research information on nutritional components, including carbohydrates (β-glucans, trehalose, glucose), dietary fiber, proteins (ostreatin), amino acids (valine, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, lipids, vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, and cobalamin), minerals (K, P, Na, Ca, Mg), flavor and taste contents of Odisha cultivated edible mushrooms. Additionally, their biological application in terms of antimicrobial action, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective properties, and antioxidant properties with mechanism of action are highlighted. Besides, we mentioned the limitations and prospects of mushrooms.
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