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Traditional drug discovery processes have disadvantages such as efficiency, cost, and high attrition rates. In-silico methods, involving computational simulations and modelling, offer powerful solutions to bridge the gap between discovery and development. This review explores various in silico approaches, including ligand-based and structure-based drug design, virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADMET prediction. We explore their utilization throughout different phases of pharmaceutical development, spanning from target identification and lead refinement to forecasting toxicity and pharmacokinetics. In-silico methods enable rapid lead identification and optimization, reducing reliance on expensive wet lab experiments. They contribute to improved drug quality by predicting ADMET properties and off-target effects, ultimately accelerating development timelines and lowering costs. In-silico approaches are revolutionizing drug design by providing predictive and cost-effective solutions. Incorporating them into the design process streamlines lead refinement and enhances the likelihood of success for potential drugs, ultimately expediting the translation of innovative treatments to patients.
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