Current Biotechnology - Volume 14, Issue 1, 2025

With an average crystallographic size of 8.67 nm, we studied the antibacterial properties of CaO nanoparticles against microorganisms. The CaO NPs used in this study were synthesized using a simple soft chemical method.

To assess antibacterial activity, three methods were employed: the live count (LC) method, the agar cup method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) approach. The CaO nanoparticles used in this study were produced using a simple soft chemical method.

TEM study revealed that the application of nanoparticles disrupted the cell walls of pathogens.

We can conclude from this work that the lethal effect rises with CaO nanoparticle concentration. According to this research, CaO NPs seem like a good option for creating novel antibacterial drugs that are more effective against infections. The dose amount may be used in therapeutic settings. Considering this, the application of CaO nanoparticles as antibacterial agents could result in effective in vivo experiments.

In recent decades, studies have begun to analyze the therapeutic properties of honey, specifically in wound healing. The objective of this research was to investigate the tissue repair process of cutaneous wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats through the application of honey.

The antibacterial analysis results were satisfactory, showing a reduction in bacteria in the Petri dishes. In the macroscopic analysis, there was a reduction in the wound area in all groups, but the groups treated with honey showed significantly better differences compared to the control group.

In the evaluation of the mean intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, there was a reduction in the infiltrate in all groups, but no significant difference was observed. In the collagen evaluation, the groups that received treatment with Apis mellifera and Melipona scutellaris honey showed a greater deposition of collagen fiber bundles, with a significant difference compared to the control group. After 14 days there was total regeneration of the epidermis in most animals, with a greater amount of collagen fiber formation.

Therefore, the work showed a novelty in terms of the screening of the use of a natural product for wound healing purposes giving prospects for substitution of traditional medicines by honeybee, being a sustainable alternative for human health.

Hedychium coronarium flower aqueous extract is traditionally known for its potential in treating ocular disorders and has been utilized among the local tribal population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate Hedychium coronarium (HC) flower extract for diabetic cataract management using in silico and ex vivo methods.

The extract was investigated for phytochemical screening using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and evaluating total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant activity, prediction of drug-likeness activity, and in silico and ex vivo anti-cataract activity.

The results demonstrated that this plant extract contained significant phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which accelerated the antioxidant activity as estimated in DPPH (IC50, 139.67 ± 6.64 µl/mL) and ABTS (IC50, 43.87 ± 2.18 µl/mL) assay. GC/MS screened potential compounds, including 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (8.41%), 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene (2.64%), 4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexan-1-ol (1.9%), Creosol (1.63%), 1h-purin-6-amine, [(2-fluorophenyl) methyl]- (1.45%), Isoborneol (1.36%), (+)-alpha-terpineol (p-menth-1-en-8-ol) (1.24%), Dodec-11-enyl acetate (1.17%), 1, 8-cineol (1.13%), etc. Its therapeutic potential against diabetic cataracts was confirmed through molecular docking with γ-crystallin and aldose reductase inhibitor proteins (1ELP, 1I16, and 4IGS). The ADMET analysis and bioactivity score showed better drug-likeness behavior of identified phytochemicals. Ex vivo results indicated that the Hedychium coronarium flower extract treated group demonstrated a restored reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activity (CAT), and total soluble protein and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in isolated goat lenses, confirming that it could protect from diabetic cataract.

The results indicated that the Hedychium coronarium flower aqueous extract has therapeutic potential for diabetic cataract management and could be further explored for pre-clinical testing.

Biosurfactants are the surface active reagents produced by microorganisms, which exhibit the non-toxic and augmented bioavailability potential for the decomposition of petro-based pollutants and performing microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR).

Thus, the present study entails the isolation of a novel biosurfactant producing bacteria in MSM medium containing crude oil as a sole carbon source. Biosurfactant screening, cultural, and statistical optimization; Plackett - Burman Design, and response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the Box-Behnken experimental design was employed for examining the biosurfactant producing potential, and emulsification activity of the Paenibacillus strain, which rendered a maximum E24 index as 70%, with reduced surface tension of 29 mN/m.

The novel isolate was identified and named Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain ANSKSLAB02 and the sequence was deposited in the NCBI-GenBank database with accession number “KU518891”.

The results signify that the bacterium holds the potential to burgeon in harsh conditions which is an appropriate habitat for application in MEOR, which has great potential to aid in environmental cleanup.