Discussion on Distribution Network Operating Envelope for Providing Allowable Active and Reactive Power Injections

Shu Liu; Jinsong Liu; Luwei Shi

doi:10.2174/0123520965358901250116033018

ISSN: 2352-0965
E-ISSN: 2352-0973

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oa Discussion on Distribution Network Operating Envelope for Providing Allowable Active and Reactive Power Injections
Authors: Shu Liu¹, Jinsong Liu¹ and Luwei Shi²
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¹ State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Research Institute, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China ; ² Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
Source: Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Volume 19, Issue 1, Jan 2026, E23520965358901
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0123520965358901250116033018
- Received: 08 Oct 2024
- Accepted: 13 Dec 2024
- Available online: 28 Apr 2025

Abstract

The high-proportion distributed energy resource (DER) connection in the distribution network deteriorates the condition of voltage violation when DERs control their power output arbitrarily. The operating envelope of distribution networks can decouple the safe operation of distribution networks from the regulation of distributed energy resources and map the voltage constraints of distribution networks into DER output constraints.

Methods

This provides an effective means to solve the problem of different ownership entities and regulation objectives between distribution networks and DER. Existing researches mainly focus on the active power operating envelopes while ignoring the reactive power. This paper studies the calculating method for the active-reactive power operating envelope of distribution networks. First, the rectangle model of active-reactive power operating envelopes is constructed to calculate the operating envelopes that provide more flexibility for DER control, while satisfying the voltage constraints robustly and meeting the actual demands in the operation of DER control. Second, the area that the active-reactive operating envelope covers is enlarged by finding a new vertex on the right side of the p-q plane to generate a pentagon operating envelope which is called the expanded operating envelope.

Results

This leads to a higher active power output limit for DER control.

Conclusion

Finally, the effectiveness and safety of the proposed calculating method for distribution network operating envelopes is verified in distribution networks with different sizes

This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

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2025-12-09

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/content/journals/raeeng/10.2174/0123520965358901250116033018

Discussion on Distribution Network Operating Envelope for Providing Allowable Active and Reactive Power Injections

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering 19, E23520965358901 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0123520965358901250116033018

/content/journals/raeeng/10.2174/0123520965358901250116033018

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Article Type: Research Article

Keyword(s): active-reactive operating envelope; DER control; distribution network; expanded operating envelope; High-proportion distributed energy resource connection; voltage constraint

oa Discussion on Distribution Network Operating Envelope for Providing Allowable Active and Reactive Power Injections

Abstract

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