Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Strategies for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Efavirenz

Background: Efavirenz, an anti-HIV agent, has a noticeable place in the HAART regimen for the treatment and maintenance therapy of AIDS. However, its poor water solubility accounts for hindered absorption and bio-distribution upon administration. This results in its low and variable bioavailability. To circumvent these limitations, various novel formulations of Efavirenz have been investigated in order to mitigate its drawbacks and draw out its maximum therapeutic effect. Methods: Numerous formulations explored to overcome the drawbacks of Efavirenz include modified/ controlled-release tablets, solid dispersions, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, surface-engineered nanoparticles and various other nanoformulations. Moreover, combinatorial formulations of Efavirenz with other Anti-HIV drugs have also been reported to overcome the problem of Drug-Resistance. Results: The nanoformulation based strategies, owing to their ability to provide controlled release profile and targeted drug delivery were found to augment bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of the Efavirenz. Conclusion: This review pivots around the challenges and recent advances in the delivery of Efavirenz with particular emphasis on novel formulations including its patents.