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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are characterized by their strong magnetization and paramagnetic behavior, making them potentially versatile enough for applications ranging from biomedical imaging, gene delivery, and waste management to MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) contrast agents. This review summarizes the different synthesis protocols of MNPs and their suitability in pollutant removal from wastewater, aiming for sustainability to ensure a high-quality environment, protect public health, and conserve water resources. MNPs, such as iron oxide nanoparticles, can be synthesized using various methods, including micro-emulsion, sol-gel, co-precipitation, green synthesis, and hydrothermal pathways. All these techniques are illustrated in this manuscript in a summarized form. Moreover, this article also reviews the roles of MNPs in environmental remediation and sustainable ecological practices. This includes the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants, heavy metals, and toxic chemical dyes from wastewater to reduce pollution load and promote a healthy ecosystem.
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