Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry - Volume 20, Issue 6, 2023

This mini-review summarizes the methods available for the synthesis of transition metalsulfur complexes, which have been used as models of metalloprotein active sites, desulfurization catalysts, and organometallic functional materials. All the methods use silicon-sulfur compounds as starting materials, exploiting the selective cleavage of Si-S bond and the subsequent incorporation of sulfur fragments into the metal complex. Mechanistic considerations are also provided. Period covered: 1968 to date.

Prins reaction is a very useful and important reaction in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Prins cyclization is one of the greatest significant synthetic approaches in the total synthesis of various natural compounds especially pyran and furan units. The addition of aldehydes to olefinic compounds utilizing acid catalyst has become important for the industry. Aldehydes and alkenes to give different products depending on the reaction conditions, yield an acidcatalyzed reaction. Formation of Carbon-Carbon bonds is useful to produce 1,3-diol, 1,3-dioxane, β- halohydrin and allylic alcohols and tetrahydropyrans by using this methodology. Now coming to the point of tandem Prins cyclization, this method is very useful for the synthesis of fused compounds and also for the construction of spirocyclic compounds such as tetrahydropyrans or furans. The present brief review mainly deals with the development of the synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds by using prins/tandem prins cyclization. This current review is focused mainly on tandem prins cyclization's reactions for the particular recent applications and what methods are used for the construction of the oxygen contained heterocyclic compounds.

Pathogenic microorganisms cause serious and lethal infectious diseases. Numerous antimicrobial agents have been developed during the last few decades to treat these infectious diseases, but these are still expanding worldwide. Moreover, microorganisms are developing resistance against commercially available medicines. So, antimicrobial resistance is expanding as the most serious health threat particularly in developing countries, due to the easier availability of anti-microbial drugs. Therefore, the scarcity of effective antibiotics suggests the pressing demand for new anti-microbial agents. Modern drug discovery regarded heterocyclic compounds as its core due to their striking structural characteristics. Pyrazole is considered as a significant heterocyclic nucleus in modern drug development. This review brings a considerable summary regarding derivatives of pyrazole developed over the last decade for their anti-microbial action, along with docking studies carrying an expectation that it will be beneficial for medicinal chemists working in anti-microbial drug development.

Formyl-selective deuteration of aldehydes is one of the important synthetic methods in the field of medicinal chemistry. Aldehyde-d is often used as an important building block for pharmaceutical and drug synthesis due to its versatile reactivity and applicability. Due to the recent interest and development in the use of deuterated pharma drugs, there is an urgent need for simple and practical synthetic methods that are effective in producing a broad range of highly deuterated (up to 99% D) functionalized aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and alkenyl aldehyde moieties. Organocatalytic processes mediated by NHC have recently been used to achieve selective deuterium labelling processes; this system is frequently used to analyze drug distribution, metabolism, absorption, and excretion (ADME). Moreover, deuterated pharmaceutical compounds are designed to develop therapeutic effectiveness and reduce significant side effects and toxicity by increasing the half-life of the isotope drug response. Remarkably, in 2019-2022, NHC-mediated various catalytic approaches have been dramatically developed. One such method is a practical and mild synthesis of functionalized deuterated aldehydes, drug molecules, therapeutic agents, small and complex natural products, and their analogues using a green method in the presence of water-d as a cheap reagent. These modern methods prepared deuterated drug scaffolds such as 3-formyl rifamycin, midecamycin, menthol, ibuprofen, naproxen, etc. In this concern, we could provide a succinct description of the NHC-organocatalyzed modern synthetic strategies, as well as a mild greener approach for the functional group-selective deuterium isotopic labeling of various formyl compounds using commercially available deuterium sources (D<2O and CD3OD).

Uranium, the primary fuel source for nuclear power reactors, is one of the most crucial components in new energy production. Currently, uranium is mainly mined from land ore, which will be exhausted within 200 years. As the world's largest uranium reservoir, the ocean is an ideal source for people to obtain these industrial resources. However, the low concentration of uranium (typically about 3.3 ug/L) in seawater poses a great challenge for the project uranium extraction from seawater. The porous aromatic framework (PAF) is a new type of porous nano-solid material with chemical stability, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making itself being the promising material for uranium capturing from aqueous solutions. The progress and advancements of PAFs and PAF-based materials as adsorbents for uranium extraction from aqueous solutions are detailed in this review. Then, several common utilized ways to enhance PAF-based materials' adsorption performance are discussed. Finally, the authors make a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of this kind of nanomaterials to provide some relevant information on designing PAFs and PAF-based materials for Uranium Extraction from seawater.

Quinoline and pyrimidine are well-known moieties, which appear in various natural and synthetic products. Furthermore, quinoline-pyrimidine-inspired hybrids are known to have several biological properties. In addition, many pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolinone ring systems, specifically concerning medicinal chemistry, have been reported over the past decade. This review depicts the synthesis of pyrimido[4, 5-b] quinolones (PyQs4,5-b) through 6-aminopyrimidin-4-(thi)one derivatives. The preparation of PyQs4,5-b was clarified through the following chemical reactions: Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Hantzsch-like reaction, and one-pot three-component reaction.