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2000
Volume 22, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 1570-1786
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6255

Abstract

In recent years, numerous methods have been developed for the synthesis of coumarins Pechmann reaction catalyzed by various catalysts. Although each of the synthetic strategies previously reported has its own merit, most of these methods are associated with certain disadvantages, including the use of commercially unavailable metal catalysts and organic solvents, low yields, and long reaction times. Therefore, the development of a highly efficient, green, and sustainable catalytic methodology for the synthesis of coumarins is still desirable. Humic acid has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of coumarins the Pechmann reaction at 80°C under solvent-free conditions. The methodology enables the synthesis of structurally diverse coumarins from phenols and -keto esters within 5-8 min in high yields (91-99%). The green, commercially available, inexpensive organocatalyst can be effectively recycled and reused five times with no significant drop-down in the yield of the product. The method reported has the advantages of high yield, no need for metal catalysts, short reaction time, simple operation, and green and reusable catalyst.

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2024-09-02
2025-09-04

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Rapid and Metal-Free Green Synthesis of Coumarins Catalyzed by Humic Acid
Lett. Org. Chem. 22, 300 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701786318539240822112936
/content/journals/loc/10.2174/0115701786318539240822112936
/content/journals/loc/10.2174/0115701786318539240822112936
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NMR spectra for all compounds are available as supplementary material on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): catalysis; Coumarins; green synthesis; humic acid; organocatalyst; Pechmann reaction

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