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2000
Volume 21, Issue 19
  • ISSN: 1570-1808
  • E-ISSN: 1875-628X

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to examine the active constituents and therapeutic targets of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) through a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of GBE in treating tinnitus.

Methods

The active constituents and potential targets of GBE were identified the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, while tinnitus-related targets were sourced from the GeneCards database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) data relevant to tinnitus were retrieved from the STRING database. Subsequently, an active constituent-target network was constructed, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted using Cytoscape 3.7.1.

Results

The analysis identified 27 active constituents and 73 potential therapeutic targets of GBE relevant to tinnitus treatment. A total of 418 GO terms were identified, including 408 biological processes, 4 cellular components, and 6 molecular functions, which were associated with processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Additionally, 116 KEGG pathways were identified, including pathways involved in cancer, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, human cytomegalovirus infection, and apoptosis, among others.

Conclusion

The treatment of tinnitus with GBE may target several potential therapeutic candidates, including MYC, TNF, AKT1, CXCL8, CASP3, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, PTGS2, EGFR, EGF, JUN, ESR1, MMP9, CCND1, and MAPK1. This approach may involve various mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways. Network pharmacology provides a robust framework for further investigation into the pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms through which GBE may exert its effects in the context of tinnitus.

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2025-09-03

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/content/journals/lddd/10.2174/0115701808345021250115143049
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Mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract in the Treatment of Tinnitus Based on Network Pharmacology
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 21, 4939 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115701808345021250115143049
/content/journals/lddd/10.2174/0115701808345021250115143049
/content/journals/lddd/10.2174/0115701808345021250115143049
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): gene ontology; Ginkgo biloba extract; mechanism; Network pharmacology; targets; tinnitus

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