CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders) - Volume 24, Issue 7, 2025

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a network system that connects devices with medical and healthcare for the ultimate aim of collecting, transmitting, and analyzing the acquired data in the presence of the internet. A wide range of equipment and monitoring systems have been generated with IoMT, and they permit real-time monitoring, sharing the data, analysis, patient care, and for efficient operation. At the advanced level, it is highly facilitated with remote patient digital monitoring and telemedicine. IoMT has a significant potential to enhance the care of Alzheimer’s disease patients to overcome issues with a progressive neurological condition, memory loss, cognition, and behavior. This study aims to bring the potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) to be implemented in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), with a special focus on Alzheimer’s disease patients.

Cerebral or brain infarction is a pathological process that restricts or blocks the supply of blood to the brain due to occlusion or narrowing of cerebral blood vessels. At present, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used to image cerebral infarction. Along with imaging, numerous non-invasive external brain monitoring tools are being developed that use a variety of technologies to act as sensors for neurological disorders, including stroke. This review briefly discussed the recent biomarkers for cerebral infarction and its diagnostic system through different biosensors.

Eating disorders (EDs) are multifaceted psychiatric conditions with significant genetic, psychological, and environmental components. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic underpinnings and key molecular pathways contributing to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Genetic studies, particularly genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified key loci associated with ED susceptibility, with heritability estimates for these disorders ranging between 48% and 74%. Among the critical genes explored, the Agouti-related protein (AGRP), ghrelin (GHRL), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathways emerge as pivotal regulators of appetite control, energy balance, and reward systems, offering insights into ED etiology. These pathways are modulated by environmental factors and often dysregulated in individuals with EDs, linking abnormal eating behaviors to disturbances in neurobiological functions. EDs also show a strong association with comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and pose significant physical health risks, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disturbances. Exploring the intricate genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying eating disorders (EDs) paves the way for more effective prevention, early detection, and tailored treatment strategies. This review highlights the potential of utilizing genetic insights to enhance diagnostic and intervention strategies, ultimately leading to better outcomes for individuals impacted by eating disorders.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) constitutes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication skills, social interactions, and stereotypes of behavior, with an estimated frequency of 1.2% of children throughout the world. The lack of specific treatments or molecular biomarkers underscores the complexities of ASD as a non-unified clinical entity. Comorbid medical conditions are particularly associated with gastrointestinal issues that may suggest potential interactions between the brain and gut. This review suggests that serotonin plays a significant role in the enteric and central nervous systems in relation to ASD. The modulatory role of serotonin in the enteric nervous system is examined in relation to the pathophysiology of ASD in order to shed light on prospective biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could increase the precision of diagnosis and treatment.

Promoting neuroplasticity for better recovery and function restoration has lately become the focus of rehabilitation techniques for individuals with neurologic disorders. A rapidly expanding medical specialty, neuromodulation includes a broad variety of methods for activating particular neurological pathways, such as Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), peripheral nerve stimulation, and SCS, among many others. Research on the use of neuromodulation in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited, in contrast to the abundance of literature on its potential benefits in chronic pain treatment. Combining exercise with non-invasive neuromodulation improves recovery outcomes for some patient groups, according to our research. While we mostly focus on the motor components of recovery, we do briefly mention the non-motor effects of these disorders. The difficulties of applying ideas in clinical practice and the gaps in the existing research are also brought to light. In order to better customize the individual neuroplastic responses associated with each disease, we identify research gaps and propose routes for future investigations. This review is useful for rehabilitation professionals and researchers since it focuses on neuroplastic exercise treatments for specific illnesses and diagnoses. Few studies have used long-term randomized-controlled trials, even though these approaches have great promise for enhancing overall functionality and impairment levels. If these novel modalities may be therapeutically employed to reduce pain, restore function, and improve the quality of life for individuals impacted, then more study is required to support them.