Current Nutrition & Food Science - Volume 19, Issue 5, 2023

The modern industrial application of lemon is significantly associated with their juicy materials obtained from the pulpy region, leaving behind a remarkable mass of by-products that are often discarded as waste. Several studies have shown that materials obtained from all handling and processing operations have substantial biological benefits based on their concomitant phytochemistry. In addition, these materials have been found suitable as raw substrates for the syntheses and manufacturing of various food-based additives. This research briefly delineates these concepts and offers a comprehensive framework of its etymology, rich history, and overall pomology. More importantly, recently studied underlying biochemical mechanisms for the actions of lemon and its by-products for metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cancer and hypertension are technically delineated. These materials have been appraised as natural sources for nutraceuticals studied to be potential alternatives to typical synthetic pharmaceutics.

Introduction: Deficiencies of some micronutrients have been observed in chronic fatigue syndrome patients, but the underlying cause has not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between CFS and micronutrients. Methods: Related articles searched the combinations of the following terms which were used for the search in the Web of Science database: “Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” OR “Chronic Fatigue- Fibromyalgia Syndrome” OR “Postviral Fatigue Syndrome” AND “vitamins” OR “minerals” OR “micronutrients”. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Results: The initial search resulted in 225 studies, with 11 studies fully meeting the inclusion criteria. In these studies, it has been shown that micronutrients may play a role in the etiology of CFS, and that supplemented micronutrients can positively affect the symptoms of CFS. Conclusion: Although there seems to be a close relationship between CFS-related syndromes and nutritional status, the literature on this subject remains limited. The results of the studies were not compatible with each other due to differences in the studies. Therefore, new studies are needed to fully explain the relationship between CFS and micronutrients.

Background: The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is now widely recognised as one of the best available fruits and “the king of fruits”. It has been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for well over 4000 years now. It has been recognized for its mesmerizing taste and captivating flavour. It is not only known for sensory qualities but also for enriching nutritive value. The ripening process brings about remarkable changes in mango's nutritional and phytochemical composition. These changes make ripe mango preferable over its unripe form. Conclusion: Mango fruit has been cultivated for its nutritional value for years, and it is now included in the human diet as a source of carbohydrates, vitamins (especially vitamin A and vitamin C), β-carotene, and minerals. In recent years, researchers have been more interested in mango phytochemicals. New bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory characteristics have been discovered. Physiological and metabolic changes occur during mango ripening. An overview of the nutritional and phytochemical properties of mangoes will be provided.

Background: The herbal plant “Moringa oleifera Lam” is widely cultivated throughout India. The plant belongs to the Moringaceae family. It is commonly called as Drumstick tree and Horse-radish tree. Sometimes, the plant Moringa oleifera is called a “Miracle tree or Tree of life.” Objective: The current manuscript summarizes the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of M.oleifera. Methods: Several pieces of literature have been searched in books, journals, and databases, including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Publons, and Scopus. Results: The fruits and leaves of M. oleifera are generally used as a vegetable in the Indian subcontinent region. The whole parts of a plant contain valuable and essential therapeutic features; it has the richest content of antiradical components and nutrients. Various secondary components include hexacosone, pentacosane, phytol, carotenes, tocopherols, isothiocyanates, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, sinalbin, and gallic acid. It contains a higher percentage of vitamin A-E and vitamin K. Some mineral components include copper, calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and manganese. It has approximately more than forty naturally occurring antiradical constituents. The plant has diversified medicinal applications such as antidiabetic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifertility, antiallergic, antipyretic, wound healing, analgesic, central nervous system activity, and hepatoprotective activities. The plant Moringa oleifera Lam has been found effective in various infections and diseases. Conclusion: This article provides a detailed explanation of the phytochemical and pharmacological activity of the plant that is being discussed.

Lipid and protein oxidation are important reactions in food systems and can degrade food quality and decrease consumer acceptability. Several factors affect the rate and severity of these undesirable reactions in food products. However, lipid and protein oxidations can occur in the digestive system, which is much more complex than in simple food systems. Under digestive conditions, food matrix and composition are the major factors affecting lipid and protein oxidations in the body. Lipid and protein oxidation in food matrixes or the digestive system, as well as product absorption rate, can have serious consequences for human health. This review aimed to present recent information and discussion on the effects of digestion conditions and natural and synthetic antioxidants on lipid and protein oxidation.

Background: Bacterial cellulose has attracted much interest over the years because of its diverse applications stemming from its unique properties. Alternative sources of raw materials for culture medium have become essential to reduce the cost of raw materials and scale up bacterial cellulose production. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the cellulose-producing ability and characteristics of bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975 using yam bean juice as a nutrient source and optimizing the culture medium conditions to produce bacterial cellulose. Methods: Bacterial cellulose was produced by K. nataicola TISTR 975 using yam bean juice as the nutrient source in the culture medium. Fermentation was performed in static culture using 10% inoculum, with varying levels of initial total soluble solids content (8, 10, and 12 °Brix), supplemented with ammonium sulfate (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 (% w/v)), pH 5.0, 1.4% (v/v) ethanol, and incubated at 30 °C for 10 days. The cellulose membrane was measured for cellulose yield. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of bacterial cellulose were examined. Results: Initial total soluble solids content at 10 °Brix (equal to the sugar content of approximately 100 g/L) and supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate improved bacterial cellulose yield. Moisture content and water holding capacity (WHC) of bacterial cellulose were high, and L*, a*, and b* values and textural properties were related to perceived sensory characteristics. Sensory evaluation showed the highest score for color and overall acceptability. Conclusion: Local edible yam bean tubers could be used as an alternative raw material for bacterial cellulose production by K. nataicola TISTR 975 using yam bean juice, and bacterial cellulose produced using yam bean juice as a nutrient source has the sensory attributes consistent with the desirable characteristics of raw material for food and processed food products.

Background: The present study was conducted to determine the effect vacuum and hot air drying on antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and color of Camellia Assamica collected from Bokaghat, Chirang, Golaghat and Mongoldoi of Assam. Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe effect on antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and colour of Camellia Assamica and compare the data with hot air oven drying. Methods: The scavenging activity of the sample was found to be 93.97% for DPPH and 0.657 (μg/ml); in the color analysis for the vacuum dried sample it was ΔL* = 39.5-54.6 CIE, and the chroma a*= from –5.0 to –4.01 CIE units CIE units and 15.7-20.7 better than hot air drying. Results and Conclusion: Analytically cholorophyll Ch-a =1.51, Ch-b = 1.08 and carotenoids and Cx+c = 0.64 are determine and the vacuum dried tea extract has shown potent antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone of 15mm and 10 mm for S. aureus and against E.coli respectively.