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- Volume 18, Issue 5, 2022
Current Nutrition & Food Science - Volume 18, Issue 5, 2022
Volume 18, Issue 5, 2022
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Application of Enzymes in Dairy Processing Industry: A Review
Authors: Akash Kumar, Aarzoo Jangra and Jhilam PramanikEnzymes are proteins and bio-catalysts. They are responsible for initiating a specific response to a specific outcome. In the dairy industry, numerous enzymes are used, such as rennet and proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are used for the coagulation and ripening of cheese. Enzymes are also used to increase the nutritional value of dairy products to alleviate the state of malnutrition. This review paper converges on the utilization of different enzymes in the dairy processing industry.
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Bioactive Compounds from Plants and their Immune Potential against Corona Virus
Authors: Jagan M. R. Tingirikari and Anjaneyulu MusiniBackground: Corona virus is a contagious single-strand RNA virus affecting majorly the lungs causing severe acute respiratory disease. The viral pandemic has affected the world economy and posed new challenges to the scientific community. Due to high mutation rate, a lot of variants are occurring and persons who are vaccinated are also getting affected. In addition, vaccination trials for children aged below 18 are still going on. Moreover, the cost, shelf-life, success rate, no booster dose required, and the long-term complications associated with the vaccine are yet to be studied. Preservation and transportation of vaccines are another big challenge. Objective: Despite vaccination, the best alternative is to boost our immune system by administration of bioactive compounds which are safe and effective. Bioactive compounds have been found to be effective against several viral infections. Methods: Literature review has been performed using recently published research and review articles pertaining to the role of plant-derived bioactive compounds in regulating COVID-19 infection. Result: The current review will describe the role and mechanism of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources in disease management and boosting the immune system against COVID-19. Conclusion: In addition to vaccination, the administration of plant-derived bioactive compounds will help in regulating viral infection and boosting the immune response during COVID-19 infection.
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A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Potentials of Natural Cyclic Peptides
Cyclic peptides have emerged as a promising class of organic compounds that possess polypeptide chains with a cyclic ring structure. There is a circular sequence of bonds in which the ring structure is formed via linkage between one end of the peptide bond and the other end with an amide bond or any other chemically stable bonds like ether, thioether, lactone, and disulfide. Generally, the cyclic peptides are isolated from natural resources like invertebrate animals, micro-organisms of marine habitats, and higher plants. These cyclic peptides possess unique structures with diverse pharmacological activities. Nowadays, cyclic peptides possess superior therapeutic value due to several reasons such as greater resistance to enzymatic degradation (in vivo) and higher bio-availability. Some of these cyclic peptides are rich in leucine, proline, while some have other amino acids as their major constituents. Numerous novel cyclic peptides isolated from natural sources are successfully developed as bioactive products. Recently, cyclic peptides derived from natural resources have attracted attention for exploring their numerous beneficial effects. Moreover, it is reported that natural cyclic peptides exhibit various therapeutic activities like an anthelmintic, ACE inhibitor, anti-tumor, microtubule inhibitor, anti-fungal, antimalarial, and platelet aggregation inhibiting activity. In this review, various cyclic peptides are reported with structures and biological activities that are isolated from various natural sources. The natural cyclic peptides possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and can become a drug of the future for replacing the existing drugs which develop resistance.
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A Review of Functional Values of Melon Seeds
Authors: Akash Kumar, Aarzoo Jangra and Jhilam PramanikWastage of food is a big concern for the world. In summers, several fruits are available like watermelon, muskmelon, etc. Muskmelons are fruits that are consumed all over the world. Around 32 % of muskmelon is wasted; it includes 5 % seeds and 27 % peel of the total weight. Seeds of muskmelons have great nutritional benefits. They have a very large number of bioactive compounds like tocopherols, phospholipids, and sterols. Muskmelon seeds have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and diuretic properties and can be used to treat or prevent many diseases. Therefore, muskmelon seeds can be used as a functional food.
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Sources, Properties, and Pharmacological Effects of Quercetin
Authors: Ankit, Rishabha Malviya and Akanksha SharmaThe present review aims to describe an overview of quercetin with its various pharmacological effects. Quercetin is used as an antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-allergic, and antiproliferative agent, as described in the manuscript. It is mainly obtained from plant resources, which is also described in the manuscript. The manuscript also describes different studies related to quercetin, which shows various pharmacological activities. It is concluded from the study that quercetin has an efficacious effect on various diseases.
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A Review on the Importance of Annona muricata Crude Extract (AMCE) as a Nutraceutical Anti-Metastatic and its Coping Mechanism Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Dimple Dalal and Srujana MedithiBackground: Annona Muricata is used as a folkloric herbal medicine as it has anticancer, antiproliferative, and anti-tumorigenic properties. The extracts from various parts of the plant are considered therapeutic due to Annonaceous Acetogenin compounds which are an absolute boon to the versatility of the plant, paving the mechanistic pathways for its therapeutic potential. Methods: Google Scholar and PubMed databases were reviewed with the main focus on availing information on Annona muricata and its anticancer effect on breast cancer. Results and Discussion: An array of clinical investigations on the dosage of extracts on cell lines, animal models, and human trials provide confirmatory insights of A. muricata as a preventive and therapeutic measure for cancer. The extract, when administered at different dosages, shows a high cytotoxic effect on the cancer cells, mostly accounting for an IC50 of less than 1000μg/mL, which is of significance. Conclusion: Although high efficacy has been conclusive, assurance of safety prior to commercialization is of significance. Investigations are required to define the origin and magnitude of side effects along with long-term safety for the enhancement of efficacy and optimum utilization of potential chemopreventive properties of the plant for the development of a cancer nutraceutical intervention that outperforms traditional medicine.
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Clinical Overview of Arthritis with a Focus on Management Options and Preventive Lifestyle Measures for its Control
Authors: Umesh C. Gupta, Subhas Chandra Gupta and Saira Sugandh GuptaArthritis is the spectrum of conditions that cause swelling and tenderness of one or more body joints with key symptoms of joint pain and stiffness. Its progression is closely linked to age. Although there are a number of arthritis types, such as ankylosing, gout, joint infections, juvenile idiopathic, reactive, and septic, the two most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis causes the articulating smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones, forming a joint, to break down. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the immune system attacks joints, beginning with the cartilaginous lining of the joints. The latter is considered a systemic disease, i.e., affecting many parts of the body, but the respiratory system is involved in 10 to 20% of all mortality. Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability globally. Several preventive measures to control arthritis have been suggested, such as using analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, moderate to vigorous physical activity and exercise, reducing sedentary hours, getting adequate sleep, and maintaining healthy body weight. Foods including a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables, fish oil, medicinal plants, and microbiota are vital protective methods. The intake of vitamins, such as A and C, minerals, e.g., selenium and zinc, polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, is also a significant preventive measure.
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Exogenous Enzymes in Cheese Making: An Overview
Authors: Emilia Caputo, Carlos A. Meinardi and Luigi MandrichThe flavour in mature cheese results from a complex series of biochemical events that occur in the curd during ripening. More than 500 varieties of cheese are produced in the world, and each of them possesses its typical sensory characteristics. Flavour depends on milk variety, starter bacteria used in cheese-making and ripening. Amino acids and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) act mainly as precursors of a series of catabolic reactions, still not well understood. These reactions lead to the production of aroma compounds such as esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, lactones, and sulphur. Enzymes involved in all these processes are derived from milk, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (NSLAB), rennet, or fungi. In cheese industrial production, the milk pasteurization process leads to the removal of endogenous bacteria; therefore it is necessary to add exogenous enzymes to enrich and standardize cheeses flavour. Here, we reviewed some exogenous enzymes used in industrial cheeses production or which have interesting potential in cheese making and ripening.
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Zinc, Copper, Magnesium Levels in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients
Authors: Simmi Kharb, Chetna Bhatotiya, Shweta Gaur, Rajni Goel, Aparna Khadelwal and Smiti NandaBackground: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases, and the status of trace elements is not clear. Aims and Objectives: In the present cross-sectional study, the potential relationships between serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, and PCOS were explored. Materials and Methods: One hundred participants with PCOS and 100 healthy controls were studied. They were in the age group (15-35 years) with the same socio-demographic characteristics. Blood samples were drawn to estimate serum zinc, copper, and magnesium levels by autoanalyzer. Results: Serum zinc and magnesium levels were found significantly higher among the study group as compared to the control group. Serum copper levels were significantly lower in the study group. Serum copper levels were significantly correlated with age and BMI among PCOS women. Serum magnesium and zinc levels had a maximum area under the ROC curve, and the high discriminating power of serum magnesium correlated with zinc levels for PCOS. Conclusion: These results suggest that trace elements have a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and that supplementation may help manage the disease.
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Determination of Quality of Green Chili Sauce Served by Street Food Venders (SFVs) in Delhi (India)
Authors: Sukhneet Suri, Arushi Jain and Meenaxi LohiaBackground: India is enriched with local culture and street food vending practices. Street food joints (SFJs) cater to the demands of the economic and on-the-go needs of the consumers. In view of its increasing popularity, the quality and safety aspects of street foods need continuous evaluation. Objectives: There are few studies in our country focusing on the quality determination of sauces being served as an accompaniment to street foods by local vendors. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the quality of commonly served green chili sauce. Methods: A total of 100 samples in duplicate of green chili sauce were collected from street food joints in five geographical zones of Delhi. The pH, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS) content on a salt-free basis were assessed for all samples using standardized estimation techniques given by the national regulator (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India- FSSAI). Results: The pH of the samples was in the range of 3.1-5.1. The average titratable acidity expressed as acetic acid was 0.67± 0.25 %, which is below the limit of 1% given by FSSAI. The average TSS content (salt-free basis) was found to be 6.23 ± 3.75 %, which is well below the regulatory limit of 8%. Only 25% of samples conformed to the national regulatory limits for all parameters. Conclusion: Stringent surveillance system which lays emphasis on the training of microentrepreneurs needs to be framed to ensure regulatory compliance amongst small-scale manufacturers of street foods such as green chili sauce.
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Technological, Biochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus Powder for Nutraceutical Applications
Background: Mushroom-based products can serve as superior nutraceuticals in both preventing and alleviating human diseases. Dehydrated powder of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in Cuba has a rich nutritional composition and a large number of therapeutic properties. However, technological parameters (e.g. rheological), as well as biochemical and microbiological quality control standards for its use as a raw material in the manufacture of solid dosage forms with nutraceutical and biopharmaceutical applications have not been established yet. Objective: The study aims to determine the technological, biochemical and microbiological quality parameters of dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus powder. Methods: Rheological properties (Carr´s index, Hausner´s ratio, angle of repose and flow rate) were determined in seven batches of mushroom powder. Biochemical and microbiological analyses were performed using standard methods. Other physicochemical properties (mean particle size, pH and moisture) were also determined. Results: Technical parameters showed a mean particle size of 224.08±7.96 μm, Carr´s compressibility index (23.08-26.58%), Hausner´s ratio (1.30-1.36), angle of repose (36.6-41.90°) and flow rate (3.69-6.93 g cm-2 s-1), typical of materials with poor flowability. Biochemical analyses indicated significant nutraceutical composition: protein (25.0-30.4%), carbohydrate (45-60%), ash (6.1-9.8%), fiber (5-9%), β-D-Glucans (1.47-1.61%), iron (21-50 mg/100 g), zinc (3.8-8.0 mg/100 g), and polyphenols (123-160 mg/100 g). Moisture content was ≤3.50% and microbiological analyses were in agreement with ISO standards. Conclusion: Dehydrated P. ostreatus powder exhibits good nutraceutical composition and microbiological quality. Technological parameters evidenced poor flow properties, suggesting the need to include excipients to improve the rheological properties for applications as an active ingredient in solid dosage forms for health benefits.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 20 (2024)
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Volume 19 (2023)
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Volume 18 (2022)
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Volume 17 (2021)
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Volume 16 (2020)
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Volume 15 (2019)
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Volume 14 (2018)
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Volume 13 (2017)
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Volume 12 (2016)
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Volume 11 (2015)
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Volume 10 (2014)
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Volume 9 (2013)
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Volume 8 (2012)
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Volume 7 (2011)
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Volume 6 (2010)
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Volume 5 (2009)
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Volume 4 (2008)
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Volume 3 (2007)
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Volume 2 (2006)
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Volume 1 (2005)