Molecular Targeting and Novel Therapeutic Approaches against Fungal Infections

Background: Fungal infections have become a worldwide problem due to their involvement in numerous diseases. The risk factors for fungal infections are multiple surgeries, transplant therapies, frequent administration of antibiotics, cancer treatments, and prosthetic devices. The problem of resistance in fungi against drug therapies is widespread, becoming a severe health-related problem. Objective: The study's objective was to identify molecular targets that may open new paths for fungal treatment. Methods: Several research and review articles were studied to gather information regarding the novel mechanism of antifungal drugs. However, identifying novel targets is challenging due to the similarities between host and fungal cells. Although, the plasma membrane and cell wall of fungus offer various drug targets that may target to fight against microbial infections. Unfortunately, biofilm formation and over-expression of protein are a few mechanisms through which fungi develop resistance. Results: Despite these problems, several approaches have been working to prevent and treat fungal infections. Modifying the chemical structure of antifungal drugs may also improve their activity and pharmacokinetics. In this review article, we have discussed the molecular targets and novel techniques to be used for the development of antifungal drugs. In addition, different strategies to overcome resistance in fungi have also been described. Conclusion: This article may be helpful for the researchers working on the discovery and development of new antifungal works for resistance to fungal diseases.