Current Catalysis - Volume 14, Issue 1, 2025

The breakdown of organic contaminants from wastewater can be facilitated by metal-organic frameworks, which are three-dimensional coordination polymers with a large number of active sites and an organised porosity architecture.

Using Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, and Cr metal salts together with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid as the organic linker, three novel trimetallic metal-organic frameworks; ZnCuMnBDC MOF, ZnCdMnBDC MOF, and ZnCrMnBDC MOF were developed in this study using a solvothermal strategy. They have been characterised using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, ultraviolet/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray powder diffraction studies, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These MOFs are explored as catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red dye. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the as-prepared catalysts was assessed in terms of the degradation efficiency.

Among these MOFs, ZnCrMnBDC MOF exhibited the highest performance, achieving 98.4% degradation of Congo Red, followed by ZnCdMnBDC MOF at 88.0% and ZnCuMnBDC MOF at 85.89% within 30 minutes of irradiation. These findings underscore the potential of MOFs as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation under visible light, offering a promising avenue for wastewater treatment.

These results highlight that MOFs are potentially efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation in the presence of visible light, providing an effective wastewater treatment method.

A class of desirable hybrid motifs seen in a number of significant medications includes indoles and coumarins, known as 3-((1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones. However, the development of the indole coumarins synthesis technique has many benefits.

We wish to investigate the significance of 3-((1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one's molecules and develop a productive method that employs a wider variety of benzaldehydes, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and indoles that react under mild conditions.

As a catalyst, iodine has several advantages over traditional reagents, such as high yields and purity, no toxicity, broad functional group tolerance and simplicity of workup. Molecular iodine has been demonstrated to be a mild, cost-effective and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3-((1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one molecular analogs.

Polar protic solvents, such as ethanol, have been found to decrease the synthesis of indole coumarins, and the limited solubility of 4-hydroxycoumarin in nonpolar solvents explains why nonpolar solvents are unwilling to produce biscoumarins and bisindoles.

In conclusion, we discovered a sustainable and effective way to synthesize derivatives of hybrid indole coumarins. Because it employs iodine as a traditional catalyst, it has a clean reaction profile, fast reaction times, and is reasonably priced, the process is truly environmentally friendly.

Many important drugs contain a class of preferred motifs called bisindoles. The development of synthetic approaches for bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) offers numerous advantages. However, most methods for synthesizing BIM derivatives require metal catalysts.

This study aimed to synthesize bisindoles via oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols using periodic. acid.

For the synthesis of bisindoles via oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols, periodic acid was used. It is a gentle, reasonably priced, and effective testing agent for the synthesis of bisindole analogs from a range of 1,2-diols. Aldehydes were produced by the in situ oxidation of 1,2-diols by periodic acid, and they reacted with indoles to generate a range of bisindoles. The HIO3 generated in situ from periodic acid accelerated the reaction. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by NMR (¹H and ¹³C), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and elemental analysis using a CHNSO analyzer.

A variety of BIMs derivatives were produced by oxidatively breaking down 1,2-diols using periodic acid. The appealing aspects of this procedure include its high yield, rapid response time, and catalyst-free conditions.

In this study, a productive and sustainable method for creating BIMs derivatives is presented. The procedure is genuinely green since it uses periodic acid as an oxidizing agent rather than a conventional catalyst, has a clean reaction profile, quick reaction times, and is inexpensive.