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A Practical Approach to Molecular Cloning
This laboratory manual is designed to introduce beginner level researchers to the essential experimental techniques of molecular cloning. With a strong focus on hands-on protocols and a clear cloning-centric framework the book simplifies complex methods while building a strong foundation in molecular biology.
Across eight structured chapters the manual initially covers topics such as laboratory safety and fundamental skills then progresses through microbiological techniques DNA isolation and purification DNA analysis recombinant DNA construction to clone identification. The final chapter includes detailed appendices outlining standard reagent compositions and preparation methods. Special emphasis is placed on the rationale behind each procedure making the learning process both practical and conceptually grounded.
Key features:
Explains experimental protocols with step-by-step clarity
Gives rationale and mode of action behind each procedure
Emphasizes critical steps through italicized notes and tips
Provides special information panels for deeper contextual knowledge
Include comprehensive appendices for reagent preparation and reference

Pain: Causes, Concerns and Consequences
Pain is a significant medical problem as it is a factor in many diseases and debilitating conditions. The processing of pain in the body is a complex process which involves nerve signaling in the milieu of biochemical molecular and genetic interactions occurring in the brain and other parts of the body. Pain as a spokesperson of real and impending injury outlives its usefulness as a warning signal and instead becomes chronic and excruciating. The transition of the realization of pain up to the cortical processing as a persistent condition represents an intricate process governed by the interaction of various factors. Research on humans and animals has led to the advent of personalized medicine where every patient can be treated according to the set of genes they possess. However the genetic basis for pain has largely been undefined so far. Research on epigenetic alterations and micro-RNA (miRNA) in relation to the assessment and prevention of pain is still in infancy.
Pain: Causes Concerns and Consequences focuses on pain in human diseases such as cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. This compendium on pain research offers basic information and useful updates on the pathology genetics and biomolecular pathways that cause pain. Additionally readers will also learn about non-pharmacological therapies for pain. The monograph is a handy guide for medical students and doctors in different divisions such as oncology surgery neurology psychiatry psychology physiotherapy and chiropractic care. The book also serves as a guide for life science researchers who are planning to develop methods to study pain in either a clinical or laboratory setting.

Parasitic Diseases of Goats
Parasitic Diseases of Goats provides a comprehensive exploration of parasitic infections affecting goats and their impact on various organ systems. The book covers a wide range of parasitic diseases including those affecting the gastrointestinal respiratory cardiovascular nervous and urogenital systems as well as the liver pancreas skin and musculoskeletal system. Diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches for managing these infections are also discussed in the chapters of this book.
This book is an essential resource for veterinarians researchers students and professionals in parasitology and veterinary medicine. Key features include detailed descriptions of parasite-related diseases their pathogenesis diagnostic methods and treatment strategies to improve goat health and management.

Parasitic Weeds of Jordan: Species, Hosts, Distribution and Management
This book introduces the most recent research findings on selected parasitic weeds that occur in Jordan and are also spread in Middle Eastern countries. It is a valuable source of information for researchers students as well as farmers giving readers a better understanding of these regional parasites and their unusual growth patterns. The book set consists of two volumes. The first volume includes information about genera which are typically known as root parasites. These genera are Orobanchaceae Santalaceae and Cynomoriaceae families. The second volume covers stem parasites of the Cuscutaceae Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families. The detailed information presented in this set makes this an essential reference on weeds and parasitic plants in Jordan and Middle Eastern regions.
Key Features:
- Chapters cover the biology ecology distribution economic significance host ranges and control methods of a variety of regional weeds in an organized way
- It includes information on parasitic families genera and species that are found in Jordanian flora and their hosts.
- It also provides coloured photos of weeds
- Presents the latest techniques for plant pest management
- Provides references for further reading
- Includes a glossary and appendix suitable for beginners

Parasitic Weeds of Jordan: Species, Hosts, Distribution and Management
This book introduces the most recent research findings on selected parasitic weeds that occur in Jordan and are also spread in Middle Eastern countries. It is a valuable source of information for researchers students as well as farmers giving readers a better understanding of these regional parasites and their unusual growth patterns. The book set consists of two volumes. The first volume includes information about genera which are typically known as root parasites. These genera are Orobanchaceae Santalaceae and Cynomoriaceae families. The second volume covers stem parasites of the Cuscutaceae Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families. The detailed information presented in this set makes this an essential reference on weeds and parasitic plants in Jordan and Middle Eastern regions.
Key Features:
- Chapters cover the biology ecology distribution economic significance host ranges and control methods of a variety of regional weeds in an organized way
- It includes information on parasitic families genera and species that are found in Jordanian flora and their hosts.
- It also provides coloured photos of weeds
- Presents the latest techniques for plant pest management
- Provides references for further reading
- Includes a glossary and appendix suitable for beginners.

Passive Location Method Based on Phase Difference Measurement
Passive Location Method Based on Phase Difference Measurement presents groundbreaking information for developing passive positioning technologies. The author has put forward a series of innovative solutions from the perspective of engineering application theory with the aim of giving a basic understanding of the application of unambiguous phase difference localization techniques for long-range passive detection.
On the basis of the existing linear solution of the double basis path difference positioning equation and the analysis of its intrinsic properties this book starts from the study of the phase difference measurement method of the phase difference change rate puts forward the concept of the differential function of the path difference per unit wavelength length and also discovers its jump law. It provides a possible way to solve the problem of unambiguous phase difference measurement. These results are of great significance to the development of passive localization techniques based on unambiguous phase difference measurement.
Key Features:
- Sequentially presents theoretical frameworks to build the readers knowledge for better understanding the topics
- Presents a variety of unique method for solving kinematic positioning parameters and Doppler signal parameters by using unambiguous phase difference measurement.
- Presents a variety of direction-finding and ranging methods based on short baseline array and using unambiguous phase difference measurement technology and exhibits the method of constructing long baseline two-station direction finding and ranging with short baseline array
- Presents a variety of two-station passive positioning methods based on angle measurement which are beneficial to improve the positioning accuracy on the basis of studying the relationship between the phase difference and angle
- Presents the means to convert Doppler detection to the non-fuzzy phase difference measure for the localization problem in which it is difficult to use the phase difference localization equation directly since the accuracy of the phase difference measurement is better than that of the Doppler frequency difference
- Presents a variety of new positioning methods and several novel concepts while demonstrating the theoretical exploration of passive location problem based on unambiguous phase difference measurement
This reference is a resource for scholars engineers and technicians involved in radio positioning research and the improvement of radar satellite navigation systems unmanned systems and Internet of Things infrastructure.

Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Latin America
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are known to be a common cause of diarrheal disease – a common cause of frequently occurring bacterial infections in children and adults in developing countries. It poses a significant problem in Latin America. Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Latin America presents current information on understanding pathogenic E. coli in Latin America and outlines prospects for future research in this region. It features a unique comprehensive analysis of the most common categories of E. coli associated with diarrheal illness in Latin America. The aim of this book is to help epidemiologists in this region to learn about molecular mechanisms of E. coli pathogenesis along with its diagnosis host immune responses animal reservoirs and epidemiology. In addition the authors discuss the current situation of E. coli in representative countries including Argentina Brazil Chile Mexico and Peru.

Pediatric Anesthesia: A Guide for the Non-Pediatric Anesthesia Provider Part I
Pediatric Anesthesia: A Guide for the Non-Pediatric Anesthesia is a comprehensive contemporary reference that addresses all aspects of pediatric anesthesia. Both students and medical practitioners - novice and experienced - will find invaluable educational and practical information in this book. The book covers the subject in two parts.
Part I covers basic information about pediatric and neonatal anatomy and physiology pharmacology emergency room and operating room procedures and surgery. Chapters on general anesthetic procedures in emergency rooms operational theatres and common surgeries.
Part II covers advanced topics for practicing healthcare professionals which include anesthesia for patients with a range of common and uncommon comorbidities considerations for critically-ill patients genetic disorders pain management COVID-19 guidelines for anesthesia patient safety and research.
Key features:
- Basic and advanced information about pediatric and neonatal anesthesia covered in 25 chapters over two parts
- Simple and organized presentation for learners
- Contributions by expert clinicians and researchers
- Special topics included such as considerations for patients with comorbidities and genetic disorders
- References for further reading
- Detailed illustrations and tables
The text is an essential reference for scholars and professionals affiliated with general anesthesiology and surgery specialties at all levels who want to understand anesthesia for pediatric patients.

Pediatric Anesthesia: A Guide for the Non-Pediatric Anesthesia Provider Part II
Pediatric Anesthesia: A Guide for the Non-Pediatric Anesthesia is a comprehensive contemporary reference that addresses all aspects of pediatric anesthesia. Both students and medical practitioners - novice and experienced - will find invaluable educational and practical information in this book. The book covers the subject in two parts.
Part I covers basic information about pediatric and neonatal anatomy and physiology pharmacology emergency room and operating room procedures and surgery. Chapters on general anesthetic procedures in emergency rooms operational theatres and common surgeries.
Part II covers advanced topics for practicing healthcare professionals which include anesthesia for patients with a range of common and uncommon comorbidities considerations for critically-ill patients genetic disorders pain management COVID-19 guidelines for anesthesia patient safety and research.
Key features:
- Basic and advanced information about pediatric and neonatal anesthesia covered in 25 chapters over two parts
- Simple and organized presentation for learners
- Contributions by expert clinicians and researchers
- Special topics included such as considerations for patients with comorbidities and genetic disorders
- References for further reading
- Detailed illustrations and tables
The text is an essential reference for scholars and professionals affiliated with general anesthesiology and surgery specialties at all levels who want to understand anesthesia for pediatric patients.

Pediatric Orthodontics: Theory and Practice
Pediatric Orthodontics: Theory and Practice provides readers (practicing dentists medical residents pediatric specialists) with the knowledge to manage cases in regular pediatric orthodontic practice by presenting answers to specific problems related to diagnosis clinical findings and treatment methods. It is also an essential supplement for the post-graduate student's dental curriculum. The book's problem based format allows readers to test and improve their knowledge about relevant topics which include craniofacial growth facial aesthetics musculoskeletal structure occlusal guidance maxillary transverse discrepancy dental anomalies tooth impaction and class II and class III malocclusions.

Perhalopyridines: Synthesis and Synthetic Utility
Halogenated pyridines can be used as interesting starting materials in a wide range of organic synthesis methods. Substituted pyridine compounds are used generally as starting materials in the nucleophilic substitution reactions and have unique scaffolds for the construction of other heterocyclic and macrocyclic compounds. They also have important medicinal properties. Due to synthetic difficulties in the synthesis of the highly substituted pyridine derivatives from pyridine itself perhalopyridines have a special importance in this regard. This book covers the synthetic reactions and applications of perhalopyridines. An introductory chapter introduces the reader to the physical and chemical properties of halopyridines followed by 3 chapters which focus on pentafluoropyridine pentachloropyridine and pentabromopyridine respectively. The focused chapters provide information about synthetic methods and relevant nucleophilic reactions for each of the listed perhalopyridines and their derivatives. The book is a quick reference on perhalopyridines for students of applied chemistry organic chemistry and chemical engineering.

Perinatal Cardiology-Part 1
In Perinatal Cardiology fetal cardiology experts provide key information on tools for fetal evaluation through echocardiography / cardiac ultrasonography with a primary focus on the nature and prenatal detection of structural and functional cardiac heart defects (CHDs). In this two-part book readers will find details about different types of fetal cardiac abnormalities along with important updates on the diagnosis management planning delivery and postnatal treatment in CHD cases. This information is supplemented with guidelines for the clinical management of patients with a fetus affected by cardiovascular defects and surgical procedures in neonates.
Key Features:
-presents information gathered by experts in perinatal cardiology organized into 26 topic-based chapters
- explores the cardiac development fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital heart defects (CHD) perinatal management planning delivery and postnatal treatment of newborns with CHD
- presents information about normal cardiac functions and heart defects to give readers a clear and detailed picture of abnormal cardiac function
- presents information about perinatal ultrasound physiology
- gives practical guidelines for ultrasound and echography parameters required for evaluating fetal heart anatomy and diagnosing diseases
- includes a new system of classifying prenatal CHDs based on the stratification of the risk level of care
- features a straightforward and accessible style of presentation suitable for all readers
- provides references in each chapter for further reading
Part 1 of this two-part set covers the basics of perinatal cardiology which chapters that introduce readers to CHD classification fetal heart and placental physiology and pathology diagnosis of fetal cardiac malposition and anomalies and some congenital heart defects such as septal defects cardiac anomalies of the left and right sides conotruncal anomalies and aortic arch anomalies.
Perinatal Cardiology is an essential reference for postgraduate medical students seeking to improve their knowledge of fetal and pediatric cardiology as part of their residency and professional training. The book equips readers with the information necessary to understand the role of the perinatal cardiologist and goes further to facilitate the ability to perform adequate risk assessments for fetal CHD.

Perinatal Cardiology-Part 2
In Perinatal Cardiology fetal cardiology experts provide key information on tools for fetal evaluation through echocardiography / cardiac ultrasonography with a primary focus on the nature and prenatal detection of structural and functional cardiac heart defects (CHDs). In this two-part book readers will find details about different types of fetal cardiac abnormalities along with important updates on the diagnosis management planning delivery and postnatal treatment in CHD cases. This information is supplemented with guidelines for the clinical management of patients with a fetus affected by cardiovascular defects and surgical procedures in neonates.
Key Features:
-presents information gathered by experts in perinatal cardiology organized into 26 topic-based chapters
- explores the cardiac development fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital heart defects (CHD) perinatal management planning delivery and postnatal treatment of newborns with CHD
- presents information about normal cardiac functions and heart defects to give readers a clear and detailed picture of abnormal cardiac function
- presents information about perinatal ultrasound physiology
- gives practical guidelines for ultrasound and echography parameters required for evaluating fetal heart anatomy and diagnosing diseases
- includes a new system of classifying prenatal CHDs based on the stratification of the risk level of care
- features a straightforward and accessible style of presentation suitable for all readers
- provides references in each chapter for further reading
Part 2 of this two-part set delves into different fetal anomalies such as ventricular inflow anomalies myocardial and pericardial diseases cardiac tumors extra-cardiac conditions cardiac failure and environmental factors associated with CHD. The latter chapters cover clinical topics such as labor management for patients bearing a child with CHD fetal cardiac interventions clinical management of neonates with CHD and postnatal surgery.
Perinatal Cardiology is an essential reference for postgraduate medical students seeking to improve their knowledge of fetal and pediatric cardiology as part of their residency and professional training. The book equips readers with the information necessary to understand the role of the perinatal cardiologist and goes further to facilitate the ability to perform adequate risk assessments for fetal CHD.

Personalized Immunotherapy for Tumor Diseases and Beyond
This book introduces personalized immunotherapy with multi-dimensional models of analysis to determine the best plan for immunotherapy of patients. The book introduces readers to some basic concepts which lay the foundation for personalized immunotherapy: the development of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) the genome profile of T cells and tumor cells and genome-wide association studies. Chapters also cover special topics such as new immunoassay methods related to personalized immunotherapy and targeted immunotherapy which are geared towards familiarizing readers with current research practices. Focusing on the central theme of personalized immunotherapy the authors provide a wealth of information about T-cell screening tumor neoantigen cloning primary tumor cell culture for T-cell cloning bioinformatics strategies for understanding T-cell and primary tumor cell biology and function and new developments in research on adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. These developments include T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing transgenic T-cells for increasing affinity to tumor cells such as CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells and the systematic modeling of polyclonal specific T-cells and biobank technology.
Key Features:
- Introduces readers to basic concepts in personalized medicine and immunotherapy
- Presents current information about immunological assays used in research
- Presents an overview of T cell immunotherapy and cloning techniques
- Presents an overview of tumor cell bioinformatics and its role in immunotherapy
- Includes new developments and references for personalized immunotherapy techniques (T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing transgenic T-cells which target CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells and polyclonal T-cell modeling)
- Includes a section on biobanking
- Presents information in an easy-to-read format for a wide range of readers
- Brings contributions from experts with over 30 years of experience in personalized immunotherapy
Personalized Immunotherapy for Tumor Diseases and Beyond is an ideal handbook for medical professionals and students involved in personalized medicine immunology and oncology. General readers interested in the new developments in these fields will also benefit from the information provided.

Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment: Analysis, Synthesis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact
Although a lot is known about the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the marine environment there are still many unanswered questions. Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment is a monograph that sums up basic knowledge about this topic while highlighting current research practices useful in studying the aquatic environment. It starts with an introduction to effect of PAH in the marine environment. It then proceeds to provide information on techniques to monitor PAH levels and investigate the affected environment in order to control the subsequent negative effects. Chapters also detail the carcinogenic and endocrine effects of PAHs on fish as well as the degradation of PAHs by microorganisms. This monograph is a useful reference for environmental science students and professionals learning about the role of PAH in the marine environment.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Production: An Introductory Textbook
This textbook summarizes preliminary knowledge of bioactive molecules which serve as pharmaceuticals their use synthesis and mode of action as well as the production of commercial constituents such as ethanol citric acid antibiotics amino acid and vitamins.
The text is written mainly for the undergraduate and graduate levels of study of all Indian universities according to the recently implemented CBCS curriculum in a simple manner while keeping postgraduate course structures in view.
Key Features:
Simple structured layout suitable for learners
- Considers the CBCS curriculum for Indian Institutions
- Covers the subject in 2 parts (Part A: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part B: Production)
- Covers several types of pharmaceuticals used in clinical practice
- Covers the fermentation process and the production of antibiotics pharmaceutical commodities and nutrients
- Includes an appendix for handy information

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy
Malaria takes a great toll on human health and well-being particularly in tropical regions including Sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia Oceania and parts of the Americas. In recent years some Plasmodium strains have become increasingly resistant to all classes of conventional antimalarial drugs currently in use. Researchers have therefore stepped up efforts to revise atimalarial drug policies develop new drugs and implement new strategies to combat this disease. In order to prevent widespread resistance antimalarial combination therapies (ACTs) have been deployed and a World Antimalarial Resistance Network has been established as a means of anitimalarial drug resistance surveillance. Artemisinin-based combination therapies have proven to be useful as a replacement for standard regimens. Currently these ACTs successfully cure patients suffering from uncomplicated malaria with superior efficacy and lower toxicity but there remains a huge challenge (high mortality rate) associated with treatment of severe malaria. Studies of drug disposition and drug efficacy (PK/PD evaluations) are essential to understanding why drugs work as antimalarials as they illustrate issues with drug resistance drug safety and drug toxicity that are critical to finding the appropriate drug dose for patients.
This eBook illustrates how currently available combination antimalarial drugs can be optimized for effective malaria treatment. Chapters in this book explain methods to select combination drugs based on PK/PD evaluations followed by methods o reduce drug toxicity based on these evaluations. The book also summarizes efforts that are being made by the research community to improve ACT. It is therefore a handy reference for medical professionals and pharmacologists working on antimalarial drugs.

Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes
Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes is a compilation of reviews on clinical and scientific aspects of diabetes mellitus. It presents 11 contributions by eminent scholars that give the reader rational pharmacological and genetic perspectives of the disease and its treatment. The reviews approach diabetes from different angles and highlight research that has been done to understand some questions about the molecular biology of diabetes in experimental settings. Topics of clinical significance such as the use of different hypoglycemic agents and diabetic complications in clinical settings are also covered.
Topics included in this book are:
- Epigenetic alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Responses to nutritional chromium supplements for type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Endocrine role of osteocalcin in homeostatic regulation of glucose metabolism
- Effect of diabetes on memory
- Osteoarthritis in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence etiology symptoms and molecular mechanism
- Infection of novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes mellitus
- Role of an anti-inflammatory agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Role of antidiabetic agents which helps regulates TCF7L2 variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus PCOD and neurological disorders: role of antidiabetic drugs Comparison of different types of insulin available for type 1 diabetes treatment
- Circadian rhythm disruption: special reference to type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: pharmacogenetics based correlations and circulating microRNA as biomarkers Pharmacological and Molecular Perspectives on Diabetes should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical and molecular biology scientists who are involved in research in anti-diabetic drug design and discovery and practicing endocrinologists who wish to keep abreast of recent developments in the field.

Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Cardiovascular Disease Complications: A Textbook for Medical Students
Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Cardiovascular Disease Complications is an essential textbook that comprehensively informs the reader about a broad variety of cardiovascular pathologies and their management through drug therapy.
Key Features:
- Features 22 chapters with 17 chapters dedicated to the management of a wide range of cardiomyopathies and related complications
- Introduces readers to heart anatomy and physiology for both medical and pharmacology students
- Covers information on cardiovascular disease biomarkers as well as current and new technologies for diagnostic procedures
- Provides additional information on different aspects of cardiovascular disease treatment including etiological factors prevalence pathogenesis clinical symptoms diagnosis and prevention factors risk screening and complications
- Informs readers on the role of the clinical pharmacist in patient lifestyle modification for therapeutic plans helping to reduce cardiovascular disease burden in clinical practice
The broad coverage and easy-to-read organization of the topics covered on the subject make this textbook an ideal reference for medical students and health care professionals such as doctors nurses clinical pharmacists community pharmacists and paramedics.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Rhizobia
Rhizobia are composed of specific groups of bacteria that have the ability to induce symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots or stems of leguminous plants. Rhizobia have attracted a great attention for more than 4 decades because of their enormous agricultural and economic value in sustainable agriculture. Up to the present time many legumes have been found to be nodulated by several rhizobial species in diverse taxonomic groups. An assessment of rhizobial diversity provides pivotal information in understanding the horizontal gene transfer among bacterial genera and species the bacterial evolution and the symbiotic effectiveness. The classification of rhizobia is becoming increasingly complex and is revised periodically because of new findings that propose new genera and new species. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Rhizobia presents the application of conventional and molecular analyses including numerical analysis enzyme patterns serological studies plasmid profile polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR-RFLP and sequence-based methods to the examination of rhizobial diversity. Principles of these techniques the resolving power the advantage and the limitation of these techniques are evaluated. Current taxonomy of rhizobia classifies them into 17 genera and 118 species. The book explains background knowledge about rhizobia and follows this up with a broad perspective on rhizobial diversity information on characteristics specific to each group of rhizobia the relationship among rhizobial groups as well as genetic factors contributed to rhizobial diversity. Contemporary methods for examination of rhizobial diversity are also suggested and discussed. Readers of this e-book will find updated information on key concepts in classification and taxonomy of rhizobia the categories and techniques used to examine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of rhizobia (including numerical analysis enzyme patterns serological study plasmid profile polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis).