The phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid is believed to be a function of fluid-wall interaction. This theory is based on the assumption that under certain conditions a real fluid does not usually slip on the wall in contact with it and displays laminar flow. This set of conditions is known as a ‘no slip boundary condition’. But if a fluid is passed alongside a wall the drag reduction in the laminar flow region can be calculated. In Laminar Drag Reduction the frictional drag of an internal or an external fluid flow along a certain kind of hydrophobic wall is investigated. An analytic approach towards the mechanism of drag reduction is employed using Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness equations. The experimental results presented in this book show that frictional drag of a fluid alongside this hydrophobic wall decreases in comparison with fluid flow along a conventional wall or surface.

This form of laminar drag reduction represents a relatively new area of research where the laminar flow can be controlled by microscopic surface modifications allowing fluid flows to slip over a wall. Laminar Drag Reduction brings information about some interesting phenomena related to fluid slippage on a highly water-repellent surface. Readers physics graduates and senior researchers alike can benefit from the information presented in this book to tackle more challenging questions in fluid mechanics research.

This monograph is a collection of reviews that presents results obtained from new and somewhat unconventional methods used to fight multiple drug resistance (MDR) acquired by microorganisms and tumours. Two directions are considered: (i) the modification of non-antibiotic medicines by exposure to un-coherent or laser optical radiation to obtain photoproducts that receive bactericidal or possibly tumouricidal properties and (ii) the development of new vectors (micrometric droplets of solutions containing medicinal agents) to transport medicines to targets based on optical and micro spectroscopic methods.

Chapters shed light on pendant droplets used for antibiotic drug delivery the science of lasers and their interactions with fluids in pendant droplets and spectroscopic analyses of droplets used to treat MDR infections. It therefore equips researchers and medical professionals with information about tools that enable them to respond to medical emergencies in challenging environments.

The intended readership for this monograph includes graduate students medical doctors fluid physicists biologists photochemists and experts in drug delivery methods employed in extreme conditions (such as those found in outer space and hypergravity conditions) who are learning about using techniques such as laser spectroscopy biophotonics and optofluidics/microfluidics.

This E-book covers the main aspects about the benefits of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) to human health. The knowledge of physiological effects of LC-PUFAs at different levels is constantly expanding. Topics covered over 10 chapters thoroughly detail the role of omega-3 LCPUFAs in nutrition (gene regulation) and disease (clinical applications); information about food sources and recent intake recommendations is also explained. This book also discusses current data concerning the role of LC-PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation in cognitive function immune response allergy asthma cardiovascular diseases depression obesity and insulin resistance. The book should be useful for advanced graduate students public health officials as well as researchers working with LC-PUFAs.

Publications on non profit management reflect three main trends. Some books describe the nonprofit experience in different countries focusing on how these experiences reflect the case of a particular organization in its specific cultural context. These case studies provide an interesting but not representative documentation of the issues to be discussed. On the opposite end other books introduce theoretical approaches and conceptual models that investigate the emergence of the nonprofit phenomenon in a comparative way. Finally some other books focus on developing the understanding and provide the guidelines on specific themes e.g. accountability change marketing etc. Learning Why and How in contrast to the above accounts for a comprehensive view of the organizational complexity of management in the nonprofit sector.

This e-book provides a systemic view of nonprofit organizations linking micro and macro level aspects of management. It combines sociological organizational and psychological elements of organization studies and provides an in-depth understanding of various issues and dilemmas among readers students and executives of nonprofit organizations and civil society.

Lifestyle diseases and related conditions present a major healthcare challenge for children posing a significant threat to their well-being. The Editors have compiled chapters to present a multicentric approach to the subject.

This book is an insightful reference on lifestyle diseases and its management in adolescents. It includes twelve topics with a focus on physical emotional and behavioral aspects of lifestyle diseases. Starting with an introduction to lifestyle issues that can manifest into disease states the book progresses to advanced topics including emotional and cognitive developments effects of mass media ranging from emotional and cognitive health nutrition requirements and eating disorders physical inactivity eating and sleeping patterns drug and alcohol-abuse social behavior anxiety and mental health.

The book highlights the risk factors and determinants of these diseases and where an immediate intervention is needed. An updated understanding of the diseases with scientific references gives readers crucial information for setting the groundwork for long-term public health policy formulation.

This book serves as a primary resource for scholars and trainees in nursing medical (pediatrics and endocrinologists) and paramedical courses who are required to understand lifestyle diseases with a focus on adolescents. Readers and professionals in public health life-sciences and related disciplines can also use this as a secondary reference.

Mankind’s search for alternative energy sources to oil and gas reserves has been fueled by increasing energy demands and technological developments. Today the prospect of harvesting energy from new sources is a major issue in scientific and economic discourse and will remain to be so in the future decades to come. Sunlight is known as a reliable and renewable energy source which can be utilized to meet forthcoming energy demand if it is exploited in an efficient manner. Light harvesting nanomaterials represent one way in which this can be achieved through biomimetics or artificially designed supramolecular structures. This eBook brings together facts about the underlying principles and theory about light harvesting systems. It presents interdisciplinary research work with emphasis on nanoscale objects used to harvest light.

Light Harvesting Nanomaterials details a broad range of systems including solar cells which involve hybrid materials to durable tetrapyrrolic sensitizers and other nanopolymer based systems. This eBook is a valuable reference for advanced readers interested in novel technologies that utilize light energy for functional and technical benefits.

The knowledge of quantitative turbulence mechanics relies heavily upon the definition of the concept of a vortex in mathematical terms. This reference work introduces the reader to Liutex which is an accepted accurate and mathematical definition of a vortex. The core of this book is a compilation of several papers on the subject. presented in the 13th World Congress of Computational Mechanics (WCCM2018) Symposium 704 Mathematics and Computations for Multiscale Structures of Turbulent and Other Complex Flows New York United States on July 27 2018. This compilation also includes other research papers which explain the work done on the vortex definition vortex identification and turbulence structure from different insight angles including mathematics computational physics and experiments.

The thirteen chapters in this volume will be informative to scientists and engineers who are interested in advanced theories about fluid dynamics vortex science and turbulence research.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the localized drug delivery system landscape. The 10 chapters provide a detailed introduction in polymers nanostructures and nanocomposites for developing localized controlled drug delivery systems (LCDDSs) in the form of stimuli-responsive delivery systems targeted drug delivery systems or the combination of both. A discussion on manufacturing techniques optimization challenges and adaptation of LCDDSs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases is also included.

This simple and informative resource conveys an understanding about designing novel drug delivery systems to students in advanced pharmacology biotechnology materials science and biochemistry study programs. Readers will be equipped with the knowledge of regulating drug release rates to get a desired pharmacological profile that helps a researcher to ensure a high therapeutic effectiveness.

The detailed information about various drug delivery systems and a compilation of recent literature sources also paves the way for research scholars to construct a drug targeting framework for their research plans.

This book focuses on the lung cancer which is the mostly encountered and one of the most challenging malignant disease of the world. Worldwide the annual number of new cases of lung cancer is estimated at more than one million and is expected to increase to ten million in 2025. Fortunately the political efforts to reduce the use of tobacco are getting increasing attention in many countries and the statistics are now showing the first positive results.

Over the last decade there have been several improvements and changes in the lung cancer management. Among the epidemiologic changes we see a change in the histopathologic pattern with a relative decrease in squamous cell carcinoma and a rise in adenocarcinoma. Much research is attempting to identify biomarkers to predict a high risk for developing lung cancer. This will be important for implementing screening and prevention strategies. There is a steady improvement of the overall management of lung cancer based on an increasing use of combined modality therapy consisting of surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy applied concurrently or sequentially in early stage disease. Furthermore new techniques are gaining ground both within surgery and radiotherapy and targeted medical therapy is being offered to more and more patients.

This book is not intended as a comprehensive textbook but as a concise summary of advances in lung cancer clinical research and treatment for the clinician. The textbook brings up-to-date information about lung cancer based on worldwide experience for the use of the many physicians involved in this field.

All of the authors have been selected for their expertise and proven achievement in these challenging fields; I would like to sincerely thank all of them for participating with enthusiasm in this project. I hope that the different contributions will help the readers to fill in the gaps and stimulate them for future developments.

The field of sleep medicine has gone through tremendous evolution since the discovery of REM sleep in 1953 and remarkable research in recent years has led to multiple advances in sleep medicine. Approvals for new medicines for treating sleep disorders along with new evidence-based interventions for insomnia and sleep apnea have transformed sleep medicine into a medical specialty in its own right.

The Latest Trends in Sleep Medicine reviews the most important improvements in sleep medicine with contributions from over fifteen international and respected experts in the discipline. Ten chapters cover topics of interest to healthcare professionals who are focused on somnology such as the management of sleep disorders restless leg syndrome sleep apnea medication and surgery REM sleep behavior disorder and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. In addition to these topics in medicine the contributors present broader picture of sleep medicine by reviewing secondary topics such as sleep and aging and driving safety.

The Latest Trends in Sleep Medicine will be useful to healthcare professionals seeking to improve their understanding about contemporary sleep medicine. It also serves as a timely update for respiratory and sleep medicine clinicians whose efforts are still needed in treating and improving the quality and length of life in patients with complex sleep disorders.

Audience:

Healthcare professionals residents and students in general respiratory and sleep medicine sub specialties.