Phytoconstituents Based Nanomedicines for the Management of Diabetes: A Review

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a life-threatening multifactorial metabolic syndrome that is still one of the most difficult unsolved health concerns. Different herbal drugs have been proposed to be useful in treating diabetes and its associated complications. Two major obstacles in plant extracts are their limited solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive components. Applying nanotechnology has opened new avenues to improve solubility, bioavailability, compliance, and efficacy by overcoming the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with herbal extracts and phytochemicals. Herbal nanomedicines can overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapy of DM, its complications like delayed wound healing, and also decrease the side effects of synthetic drugs. The targeted delivery of herbal nanoparticles employing nano-pumps, nanorobots, smart cells, and nanosized herbal medications is recognized today as one of the most far-reaching discoveries in the therapy of DM. This paper focuses on using nanotechnology and herbal therapies to manage diabetes effectively. The review provides a detailed and up-to-date overview of phytonanoformulations in treating diabetes and its consequences.