The Role of Herbs Supplementation in Modulating Injury-induced Inflammatory Response in Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review

Introduction: One of the most frequent sports-relatedinjuries, skeletal muscle injury requires special concern considering its great implication for athletes. Inflammation is a key component of muscle repair once it has been damaged. However, failure to relieve an increased inflammatory response disrupts the healing process and results in muscle atrophy. Current treatment for muscle injury has not given promising outcomes for muscle regeneration. Moreover, the administration of NSAIDs has many negative effects on muscle healing. Various approaches have been attempted in the search for the best treatment for muscle injuries, including the use of herbs. Objective: This paper aims to review some advantages of herbal supplementation to optimize muscle healing through various mechanisms related to inflammation. Methods: This study was conducted based on some references from PubMed and Google Scholar analyzed by applying PRISMA protocol to conclude. Results and Discussion: We surveyed several herbs that have been previously studied for their constituents and bioactivity in modulating inflammatory response. Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) has been proven to reduce ROS production and inhibit COX activity equal to diclofenac. Curcuma longa and nutmeg also provide anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Curcuma longa and Radix astragali have been demonstrated to inhibit NF-ΚB, resulting in a reduction in inflammatory response. In addition, nutmeg, tea polyphenol, and astaxanthin are also beneficial in supporting muscle regeneration and preventing muscle atrophy. Conclusion: Some herbs are potentially beneficial to optimize the healing process of muscle injury by modulating inflammatory mediators’ expression and promoting muscle regeneration.