Biosynthesis and Biological Activities of In Vitro Derived Solasodine Glycoalkaloids from Solanum laciniatum

Background: Glycoalkaloids production from natural plants suffers from many problems, including instability and scarcity. The scope of the study was to biosynthesize these important metabolites via plant tissue culture as alternative way besides, evaluating their biological activities. Method: Solasodine glycoalkaloids production potentiated in cultures of Solanum laciniatum leaves on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing growth hormones and phenylalanine. The biosynthesized glycoalkaloids were examined for their biological activities. Results: Extracted glycoalkaloids from calli and regenerated shootlets were found to be much higher than intact plant. HPTLC and HPLC examination illustrated that glycoalkaloids were solasonine and solamargine in addition to solasodine aglycone. Electron Spin Resonance technique (ESR) was used for measurement of the antioxidant capacity of the separated glycoalkaloids extract (83.87%) against DPPH•. In vitro glycoalkaloids possessed cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines of lung, liver, brain, lymphoblastic leukemia and breast. IC50 values (μg/mL) were 0.84, 11.79, 12.58, 14.88 and 23.40, respectively. Virucidal activity of the glycoalkaloids against Herpes simplex performed using plaque reduction method and exhibited marked activity (88.1%). Glycoalkaloids also have pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: The obtained results explore in vitro solasodine glycoalkaloids biosynthesis that could incorporate in pharmaceuticals according to the examined biological efficiency.