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Phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of Phyllanthus myrtifolius leaves led to the isolation of a new oleanan derivative, 3β-(3’,4’-di-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-12-oleanen- 28-oic acid (1). The structure of compound 1 was determined mainly by extensive NMR data analysis. Together with this compound, six arylnaphtalene lignans 2–7 were also isolated and identified. The isolated compounds 1–7 were tested for their antibacterial activities against eight pathogenic bacteria, showing that compound 1 exhibited highest activity.