Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Thiazolidinedione Analogues with Efficient Synthetic Procedures: A Review of Literature

Diabetes mellitus refers to one of the leading cause of diseases that affect large populations of human and is characterized by a high glucose level in the blood (also known as hyperglycemia). Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a five-member heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbons, nitrogen and sulfur. It is also known as glitazones, can be used as potent hypoglycemic agents and is also reduce many other cardiovascular risk factors including percutaneous coronary intervention, carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. As it plays a very important role in the field of medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical sciences, novel medicine developed and many are on underdevelopment, these derivatives have thiazolidinedione as their primary nucleus. This article has discussed the different synthetic procedures of thiazolidinediones that exhibited potential antidiabetic activity by the activation of PPAR-γ, by reducing the blood glucose levels and by different metabolic process incorporation. Thiazolidinediones has effective profile as the future investigational drug and can be processed in drug discovery because of its efficient anti-diabetic potential.