Drug Delivery Letters - Online First

As a major global health problem, neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disease, have complex etiologies as well as heterogeneous diagnoses of patient treatment responsiveness. Conventional pharmacotherapy is increasingly the go-to treatment due to its wide utilization, but struggles with a number of symptoms surrounding pain that it can only partially treat because of restrictions in drug phenotype-penetrance and delivery methodologies. All too often, conventional treatments exhibit poor efficacy and side effect profiles, leaving most chronic low back sufferers inadequately treated. Here, we summarize recent breakthroughs on the horizon that could revolutionize the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases in a review article. We examine the state-of-the-art in drug design and emerging technologies, such as computers and artificial intelligence, which provide tools to pinpoint a specific subset for precision therapy. The review also discusses drug delivery systems, including novel nanoparticle carriers and brain-targeted delivery methods, to enhance the bioavailability and reduce the side effects of the drugs. The authors also discuss the applications of new technologies, such as CRISPR gene editing, for directly correcting disease-causing genes. The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize these advances, thereby providing an expansive perspective on neuropsychiatric disorder management in the current context, with pointers towards possible new therapeutic strategies leading to a more precise, patient-targeted treatment approach.

Herbal nanoformulations have emerged as a promising approach for managing hepatotoxicity by enhancing the bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of plant-derived compounds. Traditional herbal medicines possess hepatoprotective properties due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying effects. However, poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and low systemic absorption limit their clinical potential. Nanoformulations, including liposomes, phytosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, overcome these challenges by improving drug delivery, targeted release, and sustained therapeutic action. Various plant extracts, such as Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum, and Andrographis paniculata, have demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects when delivered through nano-based systems. in-vivo studies indicate enhanced liver enzyme regulation, reduced oxidative stress, and improved histopathological recovery in drug-induced hepatotoxic models. Nanocarrier systems facilitate cellular uptake and protect bioactive compounds from degradation, thereby maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing toxicity. This innovative approach not only offers an alternative to conventional hepatoprotective agents but also provides a platform for the development of efficient herbal therapeutics. Further research is needed to establish safety, optimize formulations, and conduct clinical trials to validate their efficacy in humans. Herbal nanoformulations hold great potential as a novel strategy for preventing and treating hepatotoxicity.

The most prevalent type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is typified by the presence of intracellular tau protein neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques. There are currently about 50 million people who have dementia, and by 2030, that number is predicted to rise to 75 million, placing a significant financial strain on the nation's healthcare system. Novel disease-modifying treatments are desperately needed to combat this illness, given the consequences on patients' quality of life and the mounting financial strain. There are currently no disease-modifying medications available; instead, the majority of available therapies are symptomatic ones such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers. The primary focus of therapeutic research against AD has shifted to tau-targeting strategies following multiple unsuccessful attempts to create medications against amyloidopathy. This article first provides an introduction to tauopathy in AD before summarizing current research on the creation of tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands and small compounds as therapies that target tau alteration, aggregation, and degradation. The overall goal of this work is to present a thorough and critical review of small compounds that are being investigated as potential treatment candidates for AD tauopathy.