Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - Volume 26, Issue 1, 2026

Brain cancer patients may experience a wide range of excruciating and debilitating sensations as the tumours enlarge. This is frequently because the tumours press against the brain or obstruct normal brain and nerve impulses. While it is unusual for brain cancer to spread to other regions of the body, the majority of cases are quite aggressive. Particularly in older people, the majority of glioblastomas (around 80–90%) develop de novo, without any preceding clinical or histologic symptoms. Phytomolecules may possess anticancer effects by controlling many signalling pathways. They may enable cells to regenerate and offer a suitable environment for maintaining cells. Numerous plants were researched recently to find potent extracts and molecules. Berberine, muscone, schisandrin B, dioscin, naringenin and many others are used in the management of brain cancer. Recent developments in the treatment of brain cancer include the use of paclitaxel, temozolomide, and irinotecan. New medications, including thalidomide, suramin, and marimastat, can be used to treat brain tumour invasion and neoplastic angiogenesis. The databases PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus were examined for empirical research up to the end of March 2023. Here in the present comprehensive review article, we compiled extracts, phytomolecules and novel approaches like nanoparticle, liposomes and micelle reported in the management of brain cancer. Phytochemicals themselves may be functionalized into a portion of the micron-sized particles to help them pass across the blood-brain barrier and, once released into the brain microenvironment, use their therapeutic properties for therapy. Additionally, liposomes are useful to encapsulate chemotherapy medications and enable focused distribution via the blood-brain barrier.

Pharmaceutical research and development encompass a series of interconnected steps that are crucial for creating safe and effective drug candidates targeting specific diseases. This process involves rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure that the drugs developed meet safety standards and therapeutic efficacy. The significance of this systematic approach lies in its ability to address the complications of various diseases, ultimately leading to advancements in medical treatment and patient care. The successful development of a drug candidate is contingent upon thorough research, which includes preclinical studies and clinical trials, ensuring that the final product is both reliable and beneficial for patients. The review emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach in the pharmaceutical research and development sector. It highlights the interconnected steps necessary for the successful development of drugs, underscoring the critical need for safety and efficacy in pharmaceutical products. The primary objective is to ensure that the drugs developed meet the standards required for public use, thereby enhancing public health outcomes. Overall, the review serves as a guide for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry to prioritize safety and effectiveness throughout the drug development process. With an emphasis on the interrelated processes in the drug development process and the significance of new and advanced approaches, this article highlights the evidence based on the importance of a systematic and structured approach in drug development. It points out that a systematic approach is crucial in pharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D) to ensure successful outcomes. It is essential to continuously update and understand these steps to keep pace with advancements in the field. Additionally, staying informed about the development of new and advanced techniques at each stage of drug R&D is vital for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. This comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, focusing on research published up to January 2025. Continuous upgrades in awareness about R&D and innovative procedures within the industry are essential. It highlights the importance of following systematic methods to ensure that R&D practices remain relevant and practical. Moreover, this understanding is necessary for the safe and effective creation of pharmaceuticals. Ultimately, enhancing this awareness is likely to improve the overall effectiveness of R&D processes.