Skip to content
2000
Volume 31, Issue 42
  • ISSN: 1381-6128
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4286

Abstract

Phytosomes are innovative lipid-viable complexes that combine phospholipids with standardized plant extracts or phytoconstituents to enhance absorption and bioavailability. This research underscores the historical importance of medicinal plants in traditional healing, especially in developing countries, highlighting the global impact of this study. The study explores the complex processes behind phytosome technology, detailing their structure, formation, and biological attributes. Phytosomes offer significant benefits, such as improved bioavailability and absorption rates, which can enhance therapeutic effectiveness. The research also touches on cutting-edge methods for phytosome formulation and evaluation, indicating ongoing advancements in this field. This comprehensive overview serves as a crucial resource, integrating insights into phytosomes and their potential to improve the delivery and efficacy of herbal remedies. Phytosomes represent a modern frontier in herbal medicine, bridging traditional practices with contemporary scientific innovation. By encapsulating plant-derived compounds within phospholipid bilayers, researchers are paving the way for more effective natural therapies. The focus on bioavailability addresses a critical challenge in herbal medicine, where the body's ability to absorb active compounds often limits therapeutic outcomes. The historical context adds depth, emphasizing the enduring relevance of plants in global health practices. Additionally, mentioning novel formulation techniques and evaluation methods suggests a dynamic field rich with possibilities. Phytosomes have the potential to revolutionize herbal medicine, offering a glimpse into a promising approach that could enhance the effectiveness of natural remedies.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
2025-04-16
2025-10-27

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. JagtapS.G. KajaleV.V. AbhyankarM.M. KulkarniA.S. GhanteM.R. Formulation and evaluation of phytosomes of hydroalcoholic extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris for antimicrobial activity.Pharmacognosy Res.202315346847710.5530/pres.15.3.048
     [Google Scholar]
  2. DjekicL. KrajišnikD. MićicZ. ČalijaB. Formulation and physicochemical characterization of hydrogels with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid/phospholipid complex phytosomes.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.201635819010.1016/j.jddst.2016.06.008
     [Google Scholar]
  3. SemaltyA. SemaltyM. RawatM.S.M. FranceschiF. Supramolecular phospholipids-polyphenolics interactions: The Phytosome® strategy to improve the bioavailability of phytochemicals.Fitoterapia201081530631410.1016/j.fitote.2009.11.001 19919847
     [Google Scholar]
  4. KusumawatiI. YusufH. Phospholipid complex as a carrier of Kaempferia galanga rhizome extract to improve its analgesic activity.Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.201134446
     [Google Scholar]
  5. ChandurV.K. ShabarayaR. Formulation and characterization of topical lycopene phytosomes for improved permeation.Europ J. Pharm. Med. Res.2022912352357
     [Google Scholar]
  6. DewanN. DasguptaD. PanditS. AhmedP. Review on-Herbosomes, A new arena for drug delivery.J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem.20165104108
     [Google Scholar]
  7. JainN. GuptaB.P. ThakurN. Phytosome: A novel drug delivery system for herbal medicine.Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res.20102224228
     [Google Scholar]
  8. MaitiK. MukherjeeK. GantaitA. SahaB.P. MukherjeeP.K. Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats.Int. J. Pharm.20073301-215516310.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025 17112692
     [Google Scholar]
  9. YanyuX. YunmeiS. ZhipengC. QinengP. The preparation of silybin–phospholipid complex and the study on its pharmacokinetics in rats.Int. J. Pharm.20063071778210.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.001 16300915
     [Google Scholar]
  10. SindhumolP. ThomasM. MohanachandranP. Phytosomes: A novel dosage form for enhancement of bioavailability of botanicals and neutraceuticals.Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.201021014
     [Google Scholar]
  11. BhaskarG. ArshiaS. PriyadarshiniS. Formulation and evaluation of topical polyherbal antiacne gels containing Garcinia mangostana and Aloe vera.Pharmacogn. Mag.20095199399
     [Google Scholar]
  12. AcharyaN. PariharG. AcharyaS. Phytosomes as a novel approach to drug delivery system.Sma Dru Deliv Syst201121144160
     [Google Scholar]
  13. van MeerG. de KroonA.I.P.M. Lipid map of the mammalian cell.J. Cell Sci.201112415810.1242/jcs.071233 21172818
     [Google Scholar]
  14. SinghA. SaharanV.A. SinghM. BhandariA. Phytosome: Drug delivery system for polyphenolic phytoconstituents.Iran J Pharma Sci20117416
     [Google Scholar]
  15. KumariP. SinghN. CheriyanB. Phytosome: A noval approach for phytomedicine.Int J Institut Pharm Life Sci2011110110.32474/MAPPS.2023.01.000101
     [Google Scholar]
  16. KhanJ. AlexanderA. Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S. Recent advances and future prospects of phyto-phospholipid complexation technique for improving pharmacokinetic profile of plant actives.J. Control. Release20131681506010.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.025 23474031
     [Google Scholar]
  17. GhanbarzadehB. BabazadehA. HamishehkarH. Nano-phytosome as a potential food-grade delivery system.Food Biosci.20161512613510.1016/j.fbio.2016.07.006
     [Google Scholar]
  18. CiternesiU. SciacchitanoM. Phospholipid/active ingredient complexes.Cosmet Toiletr19951105768
     [Google Scholar]
  19. PatelJ. PatelR. KhambholjaK. PatelN. An overview of phytosomes as an advanced herbal drug delivery system.Asian J. Pharm. Sci.20094363371
     [Google Scholar]
  20. KiddP.M. Phosphatidylcholine: A superior protectant against liver damage.Altern. Med. Rev.19961258274
     [Google Scholar]
  21. AminT. BhatS.V. A review on phytosome technology as a novel approach to improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals.Int J Adv Res Technol2012115
     [Google Scholar]
  22. SahaS. SarmaA. SaikiaP. ChakrabartyT. Phytosome: A brief overview.J. Pharma Res.20131525410.18579/jpcrkc/2016/15/2/94471
     [Google Scholar]
  23. FranceschiF GioriA Phospholipid complexes of olive fruits or leaves extracts having improved bioavailability.Patent WO2007118631A12007
  24. ManachC. ScalbertA. MorandC. RémésyC. JiménezL. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability.Am. J. Clin. Nutr.200479572774710.1093/ajcn/79.5.727 15113710
     [Google Scholar]
  25. PriyadarshiniS. BoraS. KulhariH. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the delivery of phytoconstituents.In: Nanotechnology Based Delivery of Phytoconstituents and Cosmeceuticals; Pooja D., Kulhari H., Eds.Springer, Singapore202412516710.1007/978‑981‑99‑5314‑1_5
     [Google Scholar]
  26. KapoorD.U. GaurM. PariharA. PrajapatiB.G. SinghS. PatelR.J. Phosphatidylcholine (PCL) fortified nano-phytopharmaceuticals for improvement of therapeutic efficacy.EXCLI J.202322880903 38317861
     [Google Scholar]
  27. TiwariP. YadavK. ShuklaR.P. Surface modification strategies in translocating nano-vesicles across different barriers and the role of bio-vesicles in improving anticancer therapy.J. Control. Release202336329034810.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.016 37714434
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Al-ShuhaibM.B.S. AlShuhaibJ.M. Assessing therapeutic value and side effects of key botanical compounds for optimized medical treatments.Chem. Biodivers.20241e20240175410.1002/cbdv.202401754
     [Google Scholar]
  29. StoneJ. MitrofanisJ. JohnstoneD.M. RobinsonS.R. Twelve protections evolved for the brain, and their roles in extending its functional life.Front. Neuroanat.202317128027510.3389/fnana.2023.1280275 38020212
     [Google Scholar]
  30. ChaudharyK. RajoraA. Phytosomes: A critical tool for delivery of herbal drugs for cancer.Phytochem. Rev.20242416519510.1007/s11101‑024‑09947‑7
     [Google Scholar]
  31. CaiatiC. StancaA. LeperaM.E. Free radicals and obesity-related chronic inflammation contrasted by antioxidants: A new perspective in coronary artery disease.Metabolites202313671210.3390/metabo13060712 37367870
     [Google Scholar]
  32. PatilJ. PawdeD.M. BhattacharyaS. SrivastavaS. Phospholipid complex formulation technology for improved drug delivery in oncological settings: A comprehensive review.AAPS PharmSciTech20242559110.1208/s12249‑024‑02813‑x 38664316
     [Google Scholar]
  33. JabeenN. SohailM. MahmoodA. ShahS.A. Mohammad QalawlusA.H. KhaliqT. Nanocrystals loaded collagen/alginate-based injectable hydrogels: A promising biomaterial for bioavailability improvement of hydrophobic drugs.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.20249110529110.1016/j.jddst.2023.105291
     [Google Scholar]
  34. PandyaB.D. SalujaA.K. A review on phytosomes: A potential nanocarrier for emerging drug delivery of phytoconstituents.Eur. J. Pharm. Med. Res.20231011415421
     [Google Scholar]
  35. GuravS.S. Naturosomal delivery: An alternative to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of nutritional bioactives.SSRN2017411710.2139/ssrn.4740017
     [Google Scholar]
  36. LuM. QiuQ. LuoX. Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents.Asian J. Pharm. Sci.201914326527410.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.011 32104457
     [Google Scholar]
  37. HumanC. AucampM. de BeerD. van der RijstM. JoubertE. Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C ‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment.Food Sci. Nutr.202311128093811110.1002/fsn3.3730 38107118
     [Google Scholar]
  38. UllahN. HaseebA. TuzenM. Application of recently used green solvents in sample preparation techniques: A comprehensive review of existing trends, challenges, and future opportunities.Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.20235482714273310.1080/10408347.2023.2197495 37067946
     [Google Scholar]
  39. KandaH MeiL YamamotoT WangT ZhuL Preparation of β-carotene nanoparticles using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent precipitation by injection of liquefied gas feed solution.J CO2 Util20248310283110.1016/j.jcou.2024.102831
     [Google Scholar]
  40. ShiJ. KangX. MaoL. Supercritical CO2-applied equipment for chemical synthesis and transformation: Current status and perspectives.Chem. Eng. J.202345914160810.1016/j.cej.2023.141608
     [Google Scholar]
  41. JadhavK. KoleE. SinghR. A critical review on developments in drying technologies for enhanced stability and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals.Dry. Technol.202442912710.1080/07373937.2024.2357181
     [Google Scholar]
  42. WulandariS ChoiJ KurniawanRG Synthesis of highly stable encapsulated astaxanthin/β-cyclodextrin microparticles using supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent.J CO2 Util20237510257510.1016/j.jcou.2023.102575
     [Google Scholar]
  43. KolokaO. KoulamaM. HelaD. AlbanisT. KonstantinouI. Determination of multiclass pharmaceutical residues in milk using modified QuEChERS and liquid-chromatography-hybrid linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Comparison of clean-up approaches and validation studies.Molecules20232816613010.3390/molecules28166130 37630381
     [Google Scholar]
  44. ReddyS.R.S. SharmaA.K. Characterization, properties and formulation of Phytosomes.Int J Multidisc Tren202242229234
     [Google Scholar]
  45. NishizawaY. InuiT. UchihashiT. SuzukiD. Determination of the inhomogeneous deswelling of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) microgels by combining dynamic light scattering, high-speed atomic force microscopy, and electrophoresis.Polym. J.202451810.1038/s41428‑024‑00988‑5
     [Google Scholar]
  46. ModakA. BhakatS.P. KarB. RoyS. Innovative approaches in drug delivery: Exploring nanosuspension as phytosome.Int J Pharma Res Applica2024931286129810.35629/4494‑090312861298
     [Google Scholar]
  47. ManeK. BaokarS. BhujbalA. Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel approach to improve the bioavailability of active constituents.Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res.2020116878
     [Google Scholar]
  48. KongF. SunJ. HuY. HuoW. LiD. ZhangW. Liver-targeting composite nanocarrier delivery system based on chitosan nanoparticles and phospholipid complexes.Assay Drug Dev. Technol.202321835736810.1089/adt.2023.051 38096118
     [Google Scholar]
  49. LyuX. BotteG.G. Investigation of factors that inhibit furfural production using metal chloride catalysts.Chem. Eng. J.202140312627110.1016/j.cej.2020.126271
     [Google Scholar]
  50. ChiC. ZhangC. LiuY. NieH. ZhouJ. DingY. Phytosome-nanosuspensions for silybin-phospholipid complex with increased bioavailability and hepatoprotection efficacy.Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.202014410521210.1016/j.ejps.2020.105212 31923602
     [Google Scholar]
  51. ChauhanD. YadavP.K. SultanaN. Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals.J. Integr. Med.202422438539810.1016/j.joim.2024.04.005 38693014
     [Google Scholar]
  52. DamyanovichA.Z. AveryL. StaplesJ.R. MarshallK.W. 1H NMR metabolic profiling of synovial fluid from patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears and hemarthrosis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage20233181066107710.1016/j.joca.2023.03.016 37146959
     [Google Scholar]
  53. DewiM. MuhaiminM. JoniI. HermantoF. ChaerunisaaA. Fabrication of phytosome with enhanced activity of Sonneratia alba: Formulation modeling and in vivo antimalarial study.Int. J. Nanomedicine2024199411943510.2147/IJN.S467811 39282578
     [Google Scholar]
  54. SakureK. PatelA. PradhanM. BadwaikH. Recent trends and future prospects of phytosomes: A concise review.Indian J. Pharm. Sci.202486377279010.36468/pharmaceutical‑sciences.1334
     [Google Scholar]
  55. HanifH. AbdollahiV. JouniF.J. Quercetin nano phytosome: As a novel anti-leishmania and anti-malarial natural product.J. Parasit. Dis.202347225726410.1007/s12639‑022‑01561‑8 36685738
     [Google Scholar]
  56. YuanD. GuoY. PuF. Opportunities and challenges in enhancing the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary flavonoids: A novel delivery system perspective.Food Chem.202443013711510.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137115 37566979
     [Google Scholar]
  57. DeleanuM. TomaL. SandaG.M. Formulation of phytosomes with extracts of ginger rhizomes and rosehips with improved bioavailability, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.Pharmaceutics2023154106610.3390/pharmaceutics15041066 37111552
     [Google Scholar]
  58. RevankarR.R. DesaiA.V. ChouguleN.B. Development and characterization of phytosome as a novel carrier by Qbd approach.Int. J. Pharma Sci.202422142810.5281/zenodo.10603207
     [Google Scholar]
  59. TaleuzzamanM. SartajA. GuptaD.K. GilaniS.J. MirzaM.A. Phytosomal gel of Manjistha extract (MJE) formulated and optimized with central composite design of quality by design (QbD).J. Dispers. Sci. Technol.202344223624410.1080/01932691.2021.1942036
     [Google Scholar]
  60. BahloulB. Castillo-HenríquezL. JenhaniL. Nanomedicine-based potential phyto-drug delivery systems for diabetes.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.20238210437710.1016/j.jddst.2023.104377
     [Google Scholar]
  61. RivaA. PetrangoliniG. AllegriniP. Artichoke and bergamot phytosome alliance: A randomized double blind clinical trial in mild hypercholesterolemia.Nutrients202214110810.3390/nu14010108 35010984
     [Google Scholar]
  62. MirjaliliM. SahebkarA. HassanizadehS. The effectiveness of phytosomal curcumin on clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with multiple trauma admitted to the intensive care unit: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.BMC Complement. Med. Ther.202424133510.1186/s12906‑024‑04639‑3 39289667
     [Google Scholar]
  63. SamaiyaP. SagarR. PandeyS. JainG. SahA. Nanodelivery of polyphenols as nutraceuticals for CNS disorders.In: Polyphenols: Food, Nutraceutical, and Nanotherapeutic Applications; Rudrapal M, Ed.John Wiley & Sons, Inc.202322524710.1002/9781394188864.ch11
     [Google Scholar]
  64. MallJ. NaseemN. HaiderM.F. RahmanM.A. KhanS. SiddiquiS.N. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a drug delivery system: A comprehensive review with therapeutic applications.Intell Pharm.KeAi Chinese Roots Global Impact Beijing202415610.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005
     [Google Scholar]
  65. KothapalliP. VasanthanM. Lipid-based nanocarriers for enhanced delivery of plant-derived bioactive molecules: A comprehensive review.Ther. Deliv.202415213515510.4155/tde‑2023‑0116 38214118
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
Loading
Phytosomes: Advancing Herbal Medicine Through Innovative Integration
Curr. Pharm. Des. 31, 3390 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128347309250320061045
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): bioavailability; evaluation methods; formulation techniques; herbal medicine; phospholipids; Phytosomes; standardized plant extracts; therapeutic efficacy

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test