Skip to content
2000
Volume 26, Issue 8
  • ISSN: 1389-2010
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4316

Abstract

The term “inflammatory bowel disease,” which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), refers to a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive system. There are many different treatment options, such as corticosteroids, biologics, 5-aminosalicylate, and immune-suppressants, but none of them can maintain the disease remission for a longer period, which is the ultimate goal of treatment. Furthermore, they have numerous serious side effects like nephrotoxicity, infertility, congestive heart failure, myopathy, . So, in order to treat these conditions, researchers are concentrating more on natural medicine that is less expensive and has fewer side effects. The current analysis includes a list of plants showing promising activity against IBD. These include and many others. These plants need to be further investigated in terms of preclinical and clinical studies to obtain the safety and efficacy data necessary for their commercialisation. Global regulatory norms will facilitate simple commercialisation. Also, more investigation is required to pinpoint the precise mechanism of action to confirm clinical success.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010293150240415143650
2024-04-22
2025-10-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. StrettonJ.G. CurrieB.K. ChauhanU.K. Inflammatory bowel disease nurses in Canada: An examination of Canadian gastroenterology nurses and their role in inflammatory bowel disease care.Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.2014282899310.1155/2014/179309 24501725
    [Google Scholar]
  2. DongJ. ChenY. TangY. XuF. YuC. LiY. PankajP. DaiN. Body mass index is associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One20151012e014487210.1371/journal.pone.0144872 26658675
    [Google Scholar]
  3. RibaldoneD.G. FagooneeS. AstegianoM. De AngelisC. SmedileA. CavigliaG.P. PetriniE. GrecoA. PellicanoR. Coxib safety in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis.Pain Physician201561859960710.36076/ppj.2015/18/599 26606012
    [Google Scholar]
  4. KozuchP.L. HanauerS.B. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A review of medical therapy.World J. Gastroenterol.200814335437710.3748/wjg.14.354 18200659
    [Google Scholar]
  5. de MattosB.R.R. GarciaM.P.G. NogueiraJ.B. PaiattoL.N. AlbuquerqueC.G. SouzaC.L. FernandesL.G.R. TamashiroW.M.S.C. SimioniP.U. Inflammatory bowel disease: An overview of immune mechanisms and biological treatments.Mediators Inflamm.2015201549301211110.1155/2015/493012 26339135
    [Google Scholar]
  6. MizoguchiA. TakeuchiT. HimuroH. OkadaT. MizoguchiE. Genetically engineered mouse models for studying inflammatory bowel disease.J. Pathol.2016238220521910.1002/path.4640 26387641
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BribiN. AlgieriF. Rodriguez-NogalesA. VezzaT. Garrido-MesaJ. UtrillaM.P. del Mar ContrerasM. MaizaF. Segura-CarreteroA. Rodriguez-CabezasM.E. GálvezJ. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of total alkaloid extract from Fumaria capreolata in the DNBS model of mice colitis and intestinal epithelial CMT93 cells.Phytomedicine201623990191310.1016/j.phymed.2016.05.003 27387398
    [Google Scholar]
  8. ZhangM. WangX. HanM.K. CollinsJ.F. MerlinD. Oral administration of ginger-derived nanolipids loaded with siRNA as a novel approach for efficient siRNA drug delivery to treat ulcerative colitis.Nanomedicine 201712161927194310.2217/nnm‑2017‑0196 28665164
    [Google Scholar]
  9. HurS.J. KangS.H. JungH.S. KimS.C. JeonH.S. KimI.H. LeeJ.D. Review of natural products actions on cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease.Nutr. Res.2012321180181610.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.013 23176791
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Saeid SeyedianS. NokhostinF. Dargahi MalamirM. A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease.J. Med. Life201912211312210.25122/jml‑2018‑0075 31406511
    [Google Scholar]
  11. MolodeckyN.A. SoonI.S. RabiD.M. GhaliW.A. FerrisM. ChernoffG. BenchimolE.I. PanaccioneR. GhoshS. BarkemaH.W. KaplanG.G. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review.Gastroenterology201214214654.e4210.1053/j.gastro.2011.10.001 22001864
    [Google Scholar]
  12. DaneseS FiocchiC. Medical progress. N Engl J Med. 2011365171325
    [Google Scholar]
  13. van GennepS. de BoerN.K.H. GielenM.E. RietdijkS.T. GecseK.B. PonsioenC.Y. DuijvesteinM. D’HaensG.R. LöwenbergM. de BoerA.G.E.M. Impaired quality of working life in inflammatory bowel disease patients.Dig. Dis. Sci.20216692916292410.1007/s10620‑020‑06647‑y 33063191
    [Google Scholar]
  14. PunchardN.A. GreenfieldS.M. ThompsonR.P.H. Mechanism of action of 5-arninosalicylic acid.Mediators Inflamm.19921315116510.1155/S0962935192000243 18475455
    [Google Scholar]
  15. GisbertJ.P. González-LamaY. MatéJ. 5-Aminosalicylates and renal function in inflammatory bowel disease.Inflamm. Bowel Dis.200713562963810.1002/ibd.20099 17243140
    [Google Scholar]
  16. CurkovicI. EgbringM. Kullak-UblickG.A. Risks of inflammatory bowel disease treatment with glucocorticosteroids and aminosalicylates.Dig. Dis.2013313-436837310.1159/000354699 24246990
    [Google Scholar]
  17. D’HaensG. Systematic review: Second‐generation vs. conventional corticosteroids for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.201644101018102910.1111/apt.13803 27650488
    [Google Scholar]
  18. HanželJ. D’HaensG.R. Anti-interleukin-23 agents for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.202020439940610.1080/14712598.2020.1697227 31760827
    [Google Scholar]
  19. YamamotoS. NakaseH. MikamiS. InoueS. YoshinoT. TakedaY. KasaharaK. UenoS. UzaN. KitamuraH. TamakiH. MatsuuraM. InuiK. ChibaT. Long‐term effect of tacrolimus therapy in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.200828558959710.1111/j.1365‑2036.2008.03764.x 18549460
    [Google Scholar]
  20. MeijsS. GardenbroekT.J. SprangersM.A.G. BemelmanW.A. BuskensC.J. D’HaensG.R.A.M. LöwenbergM. Health-related quality of life and disability in patients with ulcerative colitis and proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch versus treatment with anti-TNF agents.J. Crohn’s Colitis20148768669210.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.011 24418659
    [Google Scholar]
  21. LichtensteinG.R. LoftusE.V. IsaacsK.L. RegueiroM.D. GersonL.B. SandsB.E. ACG clinical guideline: Management of Crohn’s disease in adults.Am. J. Gastroenterol.2018113448151710.1038/ajg.2018.27
    [Google Scholar]
  22. RubinD.T. AnanthakrishnanA.N. SiegelC.A. SauerB.G. LongM.D. ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults.Am. J. Gastroenterol.2016114338441710.14309/ajg.0000000000000152
    [Google Scholar]
  23. ChandeN. PattonP.H. TsoulisD.J. ThomasB.S. MacDonald, JK Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.2015211CD000067
    [Google Scholar]
  24. FalloonK.A. FiocchiC. Current therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: why and how we need to change?Innovations20221216
    [Google Scholar]
  25. UramotoH. TanakaF. Recurrence after surgery in patients with NSCLC.Transl. Lung Cancer Res.201434242249 25806307
    [Google Scholar]
  26. NishidaA. InoueR. InatomiO. BambaS. NaitoY. AndohA. Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.Clin. J. Gastroenterol.201811111010.1007/s12328‑017‑0813‑5 29285689
    [Google Scholar]
  27. RichardM.L. SokolH. The gut mycobiota: Insights into analysis, environmental interactions and role in gastrointestinal diseases.Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.201916633134510.1038/s41575‑019‑0121‑2 30824884
    [Google Scholar]
  28. RowlandI. GibsonG. HeinkenA. ScottK. SwannJ. ThieleI. TuohyK. Gut microbiota functions: Metabolism of nutrients and other food components.Eur. J. Nutr.201857112410.1007/s00394‑017‑1445‑8 28393285
    [Google Scholar]
  29. NellS. SuerbaumS. JosenhansC. The impact of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of IBD: lessons from mouse infection models.Nat. Rev. Microbiol.20108856457710.1038/nrmicro2403 20622892
    [Google Scholar]
  30. ZuoT. NgS.C. The gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease.Front. Microbiol.20189224710.3389/fmicb.2018.02247 30319571
    [Google Scholar]
  31. GeversD. KugathasanS. DensonL.A. Vázquez-BaezaY. Van TreurenW. RenB. SchwagerE. KnightsD. SongS.J. YassourM. MorganX.C. KosticA.D. LuoC. GonzálezA. McDonaldD. HabermanY. WaltersT. BakerS. RoshJ. StephensM. HeymanM. MarkowitzJ. BaldassanoR. GriffithsA. SylvesterF. MackD. KimS. CrandallW. HyamsJ. HuttenhowerC. KnightR. XavierR.J. The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn’s disease.Cell Host Microbe201415338239210.1016/j.chom.2014.02.005 24629344
    [Google Scholar]
  32. MirkovM.U. VerstocktB. CleynenI. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: Beyond NOD2.Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol.20172322423410.1016/S2468‑1253(16)30111‑X 28404137
    [Google Scholar]
  33. HuangH. FangM. JostinsL. Umićević MirkovM. BoucherG. AndersonC.A. AndersenV. CleynenI. CortesA. CrinsF. D’AmatoM. DeffontaineV. DmitrievaJ. DocampoE. ElansaryM. FarhK.K.H. FrankeA. GoriA.S. GoyetteP. HalfvarsonJ. HarituniansT. KnightJ. LawranceI.C. LeesC.W. LouisE. MarimanR. MeuwissenT. MniM. MomozawaY. ParkesM. SpainS.L. ThéâtreE. TrynkaG. SatsangiJ. van SommerenS. VermeireS. XavierR.J. WeersmaR.K. DuerrR.H. MathewC.G. RiouxJ.D. McGovernD.P.B. ChoJ.H. GeorgesM. DalyM.J. BarrettJ.C. Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution.Nature2017547766217317810.1038/nature22969 28658209
    [Google Scholar]
  34. KucharzikT. MaaserC. LügeringA. KagnoffM. MayerL. TarganS. DomschkeW. Recent understanding of IBD pathogenesis: Implications for future therapies.Inflamm. Bowel Dis.200612111068108310.1097/01.mib.0000235827.21778.d5 17075348
    [Google Scholar]
  35. StroberW. KitaniA. FussI. AsanoN. WatanabeT. The molecular basis of NOD2 susceptibility mutations in Crohn’s disease.Mucosal Immunol.200810 1)(Suppl. 1S5S910.1038/mi.2008.42 19079230
    [Google Scholar]
  36. StroberW. WatanabeT. NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in host defense and Crohn’s disease.Mucosal Immunol.20114548449510.1038/mi.2011.29 21750585
    [Google Scholar]
  37. GuanQ. A comprehensive review and update on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.J. Immunol. Res.2019201911610.1155/2019/7247238 31886308
    [Google Scholar]
  38. CobrinG.M. AbreuM.T. Defects in mucosal immunity leading to Crohn’s disease.Immunol. Rev.2005206127729510.1111/j.0105‑2896.2005.00293.x 16048555
    [Google Scholar]
  39. TarganS.R. KarpL.C. Defects in mucosal immunity leading to ulcerative colitis.Immunol. Rev.2005206129630510.1111/j.0105‑2896.2005.00286.x 16048556
    [Google Scholar]
  40. ChoyM.C. VisvanathanK. De CruzP. An overview of the innate and adaptive immune system in inflammatory bowel disease.Inflamm. Bowel Dis.201723121310.1097/MIB.0000000000000955 27779499
    [Google Scholar]
  41. InceM.N. ElliottD.E. Immunologic and molecular mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease.Surg. Clin. North Am.200787368169610.1016/j.suc.2007.03.005 17560420
    [Google Scholar]
  42. AbrahamC. ChoJ.H. Mechanisms of disease.N. Engl. J. Med.2009361212066207810.1056/NEJMra0804647 19923578
    [Google Scholar]
  43. AbegundeA.T. MuhammadB.H. BhattiO. AliT. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review.World J. Gastroenterol.201622276296631710.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296 27468219
    [Google Scholar]
  44. DolanK.T. ChangE.B. Diet, gut microbes, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.Mol. Nutr. Food Res.2017611160012910.1002/mnfr.201600129 27346644
    [Google Scholar]
  45. HibiT. OgataH. Novel pathophysiological concepts of inflammatory bowel disease.J. Gastroenterol.2006411101610.1007/s00535‑005‑1744‑3 16501852
    [Google Scholar]
  46. ArdizzoneS. Bianchi PorroG. Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.Drugs200565162253228610.2165/00003495‑200565160‑00002 16266194
    [Google Scholar]
  47. CantornaM.T. MunsickC. BemissC. MahonB.D. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorates symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease.J. Nutr.2000130112648265210.1093/jn/130.11.2648 11053501
    [Google Scholar]
  48. ShawS.Y. BlanchardJ.F. BernsteinC.N. Association between the use of antibiotics in the first year of life and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.Am. J. Gastroenterol.2010105122687289210.1038/ajg.2010.398
    [Google Scholar]
  49. FantodjiC. JantchouP. ParentM.E. RousseauM.C. Appendectomy and risk for inflammatory bowel disease: Effect of age and time post appendectomy a cohort study.BMJ Open Gastroenterol.202291e00092510.1136/bmjgast‑2022‑000925 35902208
    [Google Scholar]
  50. FrolkisA. DielemanL.A. BarkemaH.W. PanaccioneR. GhoshS. FedorakR.N. MadsenK. KaplanG.G. AlbertaI.B.D. Environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases.Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.2013273e18e24 23516681
    [Google Scholar]
  51. CoelhoM.R. RomiM.D. FerreiraD.M.T.P. ZaltmanC. Soares-MotaM. The use of curcumin as a complementary therapy in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials.Nutrients2020128229610.3390/nu12082296 32751776
    [Google Scholar]
  52. WanP. ChenH. GuoY. BaiA.P. Advances in treatment of ulcerative colitis with herbs: From bench to bedside.World J. Gastroenterol.20142039140991410410.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14099 25339799
    [Google Scholar]
  53. MoshawihS. Abdullah JuperiR.N.A. PaneerselvamG.S. MingL.C. LiewK.B. GohB.H. Al-WorafiY.M. ChooC.Y. ThuraisingamS. GohH.P. KifliN. General health benefits and pharmacological activities of Triticum aestivum L.Molecules2022276194810.3390/molecules27061948 35335312
    [Google Scholar]
  54. GraceA.G. UsmanM.A. OchayiM.O. AdamsM.D. UmarH.D. ObalumC.D. AkunnaG.G. MeraiyebuA.B. OnwuchekwaC. Elucidating the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of Triticum aestivum against ulcerative colitis: An in vivo and in silico study.Phytomedicine Plus20222410035010.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100350
    [Google Scholar]
  55. GuptaM. MishraV. GulatiM. KapoorB. KaurA. GuptaR. TambuwalaM.M. Natural compounds as safe therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis.Inflammopharmacology202230239743410.1007/s10787‑022‑00931‑1 35212849
    [Google Scholar]
  56. ZhouY.Y. XiaX. PengW.K. WangQ.H. PengJ.H. LiY. WuJ.X. ZhangJ.Y. ZhaoY. ChenX.M. HuangR.Y. JakobssonP.J. WenZ.H. HuangQ.C. The effectiveness and safety of tripterygium wilfordii hook. F extracts in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Front. Pharmacol.2018935610.3389/fphar.2018.00356 29713281
    [Google Scholar]
  57. ZhangC. JuJ. WuX. YangJ. YangQ. LiuC. ChenL. SunX. Tripterygium wilfordii Polyglycoside ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis in rats via regulating Th17/Treg balance in intestinal mucosa.J. Inflamm. Res.2021141243125510.2147/JIR.S293961 33833546
    [Google Scholar]
  58. HossainM.S. UrbiZ. SuleA. Rahman, KM Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: A review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.Scient.World.J.,20142014274905
    [Google Scholar]
  59. ZhuQ. ZhengP. ChenX. ZhouF. HeQ. YangY. Andrographolide presents therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis through the inhibition of IL-23/IL-17 axis.Am. J. Transl. Res.2018102465473 29511440
    [Google Scholar]
  60. BorrelliF. AvielloG. RomanoB. OrlandoP. CapassoR. MaielloF. GuadagnoF. PetrosinoS. CapassoF. Di MarzoV. IzzoA.A. Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, is protective in a murine model of colitis.J. Mol. Med. 200987111111112110.1007/s00109‑009‑0512‑x 19690824
    [Google Scholar]
  61. SzopaA. PajorJ. KlinP. RzepielaA. ElansaryH.O. Al-ManaF.A. MattarM.A. EkiertH. Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses.Plants202099106310.3390/plants9091063 32825178
    [Google Scholar]
  62. KrebsS. OmerT.N. OmerB. Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) suppresses tumour necrosis factor alpha and accelerates healing in patients with Crohn’s disease – A controlled clinical trial.Phytomedicine201017530530910.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.013 19962291
    [Google Scholar]
  63. AkkolE.K. KarpuzB. Sobarzo-SánchezE. KhanH. A phytopharmacological overview of medicinal plants used for prophylactic and treatment of colitis.Food Chem. Toxicol.202014411162810.1016/j.fct.2020.111628 32738379
    [Google Scholar]
  64. OgataM. OgitaT. TariH. ArakawaT. SuzukiT. Supplemental psyllium fibre regulates the intestinal barrier and inflammation in normal and colitic mice.Br. J. Nutr.2017118966167210.1017/S0007114517002586 29185927
    [Google Scholar]
  65. MahboubiM. Cynara scolymus (artichoke) and its efficacy in management of obesity.Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ.201856211512010.1016/j.bfopcu.2018.10.003
    [Google Scholar]
  66. TomczykM. LattéK.P. Potentilla: A review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profile.J. Ethnopharmacol.2009122218420410.1016/j.jep.2008.12.022 19162156
    [Google Scholar]
  67. PriyadarsiniK. The chemistry of curcumin: From extraction to therapeutic agent.Molecules20141912200912011210.3390/molecules191220091 25470276
    [Google Scholar]
  68. YuZ.F. KongL.D. ChenY. Antidepressant activity of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa in mice.J. Ethnopharmacol.2002831-216116510.1016/S0378‑8741(02)00211‑8 12413724
    [Google Scholar]
  69. GuptaS.C. PatchvaS. KohW. AggarwalB.B. Discovery of curcumin, a component of golden spice, and its miraculous biological activities.Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.201239328329910.1111/j.1440‑1681.2011.05648.x 22118895
    [Google Scholar]
  70. McFaddenR.M.T. LarmonierC.B. ShehabK.W. Midura-KielaM. RamalingamR. HarrisonC.A. BesselsenD.G. ChaseJ.H. CaporasoJ.G. JobinC. GhishanF.K. KielaP.R. The role of curcumin in modulating colonic microbiota during colitis and colon cancer prevention.Inflamm. Bowel Dis.201521112483249410.1097/MIB.0000000000000522 26218141
    [Google Scholar]
  71. BuiT.T. NguyenT.H. LeT.T. DuongT.L. Curcuma longa extract suppresses inflammation in mice with DSS-induced acute colitis.Merit Res. J.2014210216224
    [Google Scholar]
  72. SurjusheA. VasaniR. SapleD.G. Aloe vera: A short review.Indian J. Dermatol.200853416316610.4103/0019‑5154.44785 19882025
    [Google Scholar]
  73. NainiM.A. Zargari-SamadnejadA. MehrvarzS. TanidehR. GhorbaniM. DehghanianA. HasanzarriniM. BanaeeF. Koohi-HosseinabadiO. TanidehN. IrajiA. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing-promoting effects of Aloe vera extract in the experimental colitis in rats.Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.2021202111210.1155/2021/9945244 34912469
    [Google Scholar]
  74. BabalolaW.O. OfusoriD.A. AwoniranP. FalanaB.A. Aloe vera gel attenuates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in adult male Wistar rats.Toxicol. Rep.2022964064610.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.048 35399219
    [Google Scholar]
  75. BahramiG. MalekshahiH. MiraghaeeS. MadaniH. BabaeiA. MohammadiB. HatamiR. Protective and therapeutic effects of aloe vera gel on ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid in rats.Clin. Nutr. Res.20209322323410.7762/cnr.2020.9.3.223 32789152
    [Google Scholar]
  76. HassanshahiN. MasoumiS.J. MehrabaniD. HashemiS.S. ZareM. The healing effect of aloe vera gel on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rat.Middle East J. Dig. Dis.202012315416110.34172/mejdd.2020.177 33062220
    [Google Scholar]
  77. LangmeadL. FeakinsR.M. GoldthorpeS. HoltH. TsironiE. De SilvaA. JewellD.P. RamptonD.S. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of oral aloe vera gel for active ulcerative colitis.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.200419773974710.1111/j.1365‑2036.2004.01902.x 15043514
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Adebayo-GegeG. AdetomiwaD. OmayoneT. AkintayoO. OzegbeQ. DimejiI. OjoO. Anti-ulcer potentials of aqueous extract of Triticum aestivum on delayed healing of experimentally induced/gastric ulcer.Nig. J. Experim. Clini. Biosci.2022103909710.4103/njecp.njecp_13_22
    [Google Scholar]
  79. PappasS. PerlmanA. Complementary and alternative medicine: The importance of doctor-patient communication.Med. Clin. North Am.200286111010.1016/S0025‑7125(03)00068‑3 11795082
    [Google Scholar]
  80. SiddiquiM.Z. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: An overview.Indian J. Pharm. Sci.2011733255261 22457547
    [Google Scholar]
  81. ThanawalaS. ShahR. KatnapallyP. BhatnagarU. Efficacy of standardized novel Boswellia serrata extract in the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model potential use in gut health management.Int. J. Basic Clin. Pharmacol.20211012135210.18203/2319‑2003.ijbcp20214499
    [Google Scholar]
  82. HartmannR.M. FillmannH.S. Morgan MartinsM.I. MeurerL. MarroniN.P. Boswellia serrata has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a model of experimental colitis.Phytother. Res.20142891392139810.1002/ptr.5142 24619538
    [Google Scholar]
  83. PellegriniL. MilanoE. FranceschiF. BelcaroG. GizziG. FeragalliB. DugallM. LuzziR. TogniS. EggenhoffnerR. GiacomelliL. Managing ulcerative colitis in remission phase: usefulness of Casperome®, an innovative lecithin-based delivery system of Boswellia serrata extract.Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci.2016201226952700 27383325
    [Google Scholar]
  84. SongC. XuY. LuY. Use of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Progress and future prospects.J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B202021428029010.1631/jzus.B1900607 32253838
    [Google Scholar]
  85. SunJ. ShenX. DongJ. WangH. ZuoL. ZhaoJ. ZhuW. LiY. GongJ. LiJ. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F as maintenance treatment for Crohn’s disease.Am. J. Med. Sci.2015350534535110.1097/MAJ.0000000000000591 26473333
    [Google Scholar]
  86. SaxenaR.C. SinghR. KumarP. YadavS.C. NegiM.P.S. SaxenaV.S. JoshuaA.J. VijayabalajiV. GoudarK.S. VenkateshwarluK. AmitA. A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold™) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection.Phytomedicine2010173-417818510.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.001 20092985
    [Google Scholar]
  87. YuZ. LuB. ShengY. ZhouL. JiL. WangZ. Andrographolide ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal angiogenesis and inflammation.Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Gen. Subj.20151850482483110.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.014 25641276
    [Google Scholar]
  88. TangT. TarganS.R. LiZ.S. XuC. ByersV.S. SandbornW.J. Randomised clinical trial: herbal extract HMPL-004 in active ulcerative colitis a double-blind comparison with sustained release mesalazine.Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.201133219420210.1111/j.1365‑2036.2010.04515.x 21114791
    [Google Scholar]
  89. SandbornW.J. TarganS.R. ByersV.S. RuttyD.A. MuH. ZhangX. TangT. Andrographis paniculata extract (HMPL-004) for active ulcerative colitis.Am. J. Gastroenterol.20131081909810.1038/ajg.2012.340 23044768
    [Google Scholar]
  90. CarvalhoA.C.A. SouzaG.A. MarquiS.V. GuiguerÉ.L. AraújoA.C. RubiraC.J. GoulartR.A. FlatoU.A.P. BuenoP.C.S. BuchaimR.L. BarbalhoS.M. Cannabis and canabidinoids on the inflammatory bowel diseases: Going beyond misuse.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2020218294010.3390/ijms21082940 32331305
    [Google Scholar]
  91. AhmedW. KatzS. Therapeutic use of cannabis in inflammatory bowel disease.Gastroenterol. Hepatol.20161211668679 28035196
    [Google Scholar]
  92. CapassoR. OrlandoP. PaganoE. AvetaT. BuonoL. BorrelliF. Di MarzoV. IzzoA.A. Palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a model of post‐inflammatory accelerated transit: Involvement of CB1 receptors and TRPV 1 channels.Br. J. Pharmacol.2014171174026403710.1111/bph.12759 24818658
    [Google Scholar]
  93. DalavayeN. ErridgeS. NicholasM. PillaiM. BapirL. HolveyC. CoomberR. RuckerJ.J. HoareJ. SodergrenM.H. The effect of medical cannabis in inflammatory bowel disease: Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.2023171859810.1080/17474124.2022.2161046 36562418
    [Google Scholar]
  94. NaftaliT. Bar-Lev SchleiderL. Scklerovsky BenjaminovF. KonikoffF.M. MatalonS.T. RingelY. Cannabis is associated with clinical but not endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS One2021162e024687110.1371/journal.pone.0246871 33571293
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Tartakover MatalonS. AzarS. MeiriD. HadarR. NemirovskiA. Abu JabalN. KonikoffF.M. DruckerL. TamJ. NaftaliT. Endocannabinoid levels in ulcerative colitis patients correlate with clinical parameters and are affected by cannabis consumption.Front. Endocrinol.20211268528910.3389/fendo.2021.685289 34531823
    [Google Scholar]
  96. YunC. JungY. ChunW. YangB. RyuJ. LimC. KimJ.H. KimH. ChoS.I. Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia leaf extract in mice with contact dermatitis in vitro and in vivo .Mediators Inflamm.201620161810.1155/2016/8027537 27647952
    [Google Scholar]
  97. OmerB. KrebsS. OmerH. NoorT.O. Steroid-sparing effect of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) in Crohn’s disease: A double-blind placebo-controlled study.Phytomedicine2007142-3879510.1016/j.phymed.2007.01.001 17240130
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Fernandez-BanaresF. HinojosaJ. Sanchez-LombranaJ.L. NavarroE. Martínez-SalmerónJ.F. García-PugésA. González-HuixF. RieraJ. González-LaraV. Domínguez-AbascalF. GineJ.J. Randomized clinical trial of plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Off. j.Am. Coll. Gastroenterol. ACG.1999942427433
    [Google Scholar]
  99. GuptaA. SinghS. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Withania somnifera root on collagen-induced arthritis in rats.Pharm. Biol.201452330832010.3109/13880209.2013.835325 24188460
    [Google Scholar]
  100. DebnathT. KimD. LimB. Natural products as a source of anti-inflammatory agents associated with inflammatory bowel disease.Molecules20131867253727010.3390/molecules18067253 23783459
    [Google Scholar]
  101. PawarP. GildaS. SharmaS. JagtapS. ParadkarA. MahadikK. RanjekarP. HarsulkarA. Rectal gel application of Withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in TNBS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease.BMC Complement. Altern. Med.20111113410.1186/1472‑6882‑11‑34 21527003
    [Google Scholar]
  102. BundyR. WalkerA.F. MiddletonR.W. BoothJ. Turmeric extract may improve irritable bowel syndrome symptomology in otherwise healthy adults: A pilot study.J. Altern. Complement. Med.20041061015101810.1089/acm.2004.10.1015 15673996
    [Google Scholar]
  103. WalkerA.F. MiddletonR.W. PetrowiczO. Artichoke leaf extract reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a post-marketing surveillance study.Phytother. Res.2001151586110.1002/1099‑1573(200102)15:1<58:AID‑PTR805>3.0.CO;2‑R 11180525
    [Google Scholar]
  104. HuberR. DitfurthA. AmannF. GüthlinC. RostockM. TrittlerR. KümmererK. MerfortI. Tormentil for active ulcerative colitis: An open-label, dose-escalating study.J. Clin. Gastroenterol.200741983483810.1097/MCG.0b013e31804b2173 17881930
    [Google Scholar]
  105. MateusV. EstarrejaJ. SilvaI. BarracosaP. Teixeira-LemosE. PintoR. Effect of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Appl. Sci. 2021114162910.3390/app11041629
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Küpeli AkkolE. Gürağaç DereliF.T. TaştanH. Sobarzo-SánchezE. KhanH. Effect of Sorbus domestica and its active constituents in an experimental model of colitis rats induced by acetic acid.J. Ethnopharmacol.202025111252110.1016/j.jep.2019.112521 31883473
    [Google Scholar]
  107. da SilvaV. de AraújoA. AraújoD. LimaM. VasconcelosR. de Araújo JúniorR. LangasnnerS. PedrosaM. de MedeirosC. GuerraG. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract from Ipomoea asarifolia in DNBS-induced colitis in rats.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20181912401610.3390/ijms19124016 30545135
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Rodriguez-CanalesM. Jimenez-RivasR. Canales-MartinezM.M. Garcia-LopezA.J. Rivera-YañezN. Nieto-YañezO. Ledesma-SotoY. Sanchez-TorresL.E. Rodriguez-SosaM. TerrazasL.I. Rodriguez-MonroyM.A. Protective effect of Amphipterygium adstringens extract on dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.Mediators Inflamm.2016201611210.1155/2016/8543561 27635116
    [Google Scholar]
  109. SafarpourA.R. KaviyaniF. SepehrimaneshM. AhmadiN. Koohi HosseinabadiO. TanidehN. Showraki, N Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of gel and aqueous extract of Melilotus officinalis L. in induced ulcerative colitis: A Rattus norvegicus model. Iran.J. Colorectal Res.20153268
    [Google Scholar]
  110. KotakadiV.S. Anti-inflammatory effect of basella rubra on oxazolone-induced colitis in rat.Am. J. Phytomed. Clin. Therap.201427832841
    [Google Scholar]
  111. AlgieriF. Rodriguez-NogalesA. Garrido-MesaN. ZorrillaP. BurkardN. PischelI. SieversH. BenedekB. FeistelB. WalbroelB. Rodriguez-CabezasM.E. GalvezJ. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the Serpylli herba extract in experimental models of rodent colitis.J. Crohn’s Colitis20148877578810.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.012 24411672
    [Google Scholar]
  112. HuangT.C. TsaiS.S. LiuL.F. LiuY.L. LiuH.J. ChuangK.P. Effect of Arctium lappa L. in the dextran sulfate sodium colitis mouse model.World J. Gastroenterol.201016334193419910.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4193 20806438
    [Google Scholar]
  113. BrownA.C. An overview of herb and dietary supplement efficacy, safety and government regulations in the United States with suggested improvements. Part 1 of 5 series. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2017107Pt A44947110.1016/j.fct.2016.11.00127818322
    [Google Scholar]
  114. KishoreN. BalakumarS. David RajC. SivakumarN. ThirumalaivasanR. MaheshN. SelvankumarT. Implications of Asparagus racemosus and Terminalia chebula extracts on oxazolone induced inflammatory bowel disease in Danio rerio (zebrafish).Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol.20235110279010.1016/j.bcab.2023.102790
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Da SilvaV.C. GuerraG.C.B. AraújoD.F.D.S. De AraújoE.R. De AraújoA.A. Dantas-MedeirosR. ZanattaA.C. Da SilvaI.L.G. De Araújo JúniorR.F. EspositoD. MoncadaM. ZucolottoS.M. Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of phenolic-rich extract of Commiphora leptophloeos against inflammatory bowel disease: Preclinical evidence.J. Ethnopharmacol.2024211802510.1016/j.jep.2024.118025 38458342
    [Google Scholar]
  116. MoazzamS.W. MobeenA. SiddiquiM.A. Efficacy of Jawarish Shahi a herbal formulation in irritable bowel syndrome: An open-labeled single-arm clinical trial.J. Tradit. Complement. Med.202212652953510.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.004 36325243
    [Google Scholar]
  117. SharmaS. Current status of herbal product: Regulatory overview.J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci.20157429329610.4103/0975‑7406.168030 26681886
    [Google Scholar]
  118. AliF. KhasimbiS. SharmaK. TrivediM. AliA. AhmadJ. Regulatory perspectives of Herbal Medicinal Products.Bioactive Phytochemicals. Drug Disc. Prod. Develop.20212020158175
    [Google Scholar]
  119. MalikV. Law Relating to Drugs and Cosmetics: Containing Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, Along with Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 1995, Pharmacy Act, 1948, Poisons Act, 1919, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954 and Other Allied Acts and Rules, Etc.; with Information on Herbal Formulations, Cosmetics and Extracts, Etc. with a Chapter on Pharmaceuticals and Patents; Eastern book company,2009
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010293150240415143650
Loading
/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010293150240415143650
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test