Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 27, Issue 16, 2023

A relatively new field dubbed "green chemistry" seeks to achieve sustainability at the molecular level. This topic has received a lot of interest in recent years because of its ability to fulfill both environmental and economic goals through non-hazardous chemical innovation. A number of substituted quinoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave irradiation (MW), light irradiation, the presence of a non-biodegradable and recyclable catalyst, the presence of nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions, or the use of a green solvent. High target compound yields, fast reaction times, a simple workup process, the ability to reuse the catalyst, and environmentally favorable settings are all advantages of this effective approach. This study explores the synthesis of quinoline, a versatile heterocyclic compound with widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material science. The focus is on comparing conventional and green synthesis methods and evaluating their respective advantages, drawbacks, and environmental impacts. The transition from conventional to sustainable green methodologies highlights the significance of reducing waste, energy consumption and toxic reagents in quinoline synthesis.

Data Science and Machine Learning approaches have recently expanded to accelerate the discovery of new materials, drugs, synthetic substances and automated compound identification. In the field of Organic Chemistry, Machine Learning and Data Science are commonly used to predict biological and physiochemical properties of molecules and are referred to as quantitative structure active relationship (QSAR, for biological properties) and quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR, for nonbiological properties). Data Science and Machine Learning applications are rapidly growing in chemistry and have been successfully applied to the discovery and optimization of molecular properties, optimization of synthesis, automated structure elucidation, and even the design of novel compounds. The main strength of Data Science tools is the ability to find patterns and relationships that even an experienced researcher may not be able to find, and research in chemistry can benefit from. Moreover, this interdisciplinary field is playing a central role in changing the way not only organic chemistry but also how chemistry is done. As cutting-edge ML tools and algorithms such as tensors, natural language processing, and transformers become mature and reliable by chemists. ML will be a routine analysis in a chemistry laboratory like any other technique or equipment.

Imidazole derivatives, which belong to 1,3-diazole family, have two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions in the aromatic ring. Imidazole derivatives diversely appear both in nature and synthetic sources. Some natural imidazoles play important roles in human life such as histidine, histamine and biotin. Imidazole-based compounds possess a wide range of bioactivities such as those including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antihypertensive, antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory activities. Many compounds with imidazole skeleton have been marketed as drugs in the market. The synthesis of imidazole derivatives has drawn great attention of chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review on the synthesis of imidazoles which date back to 2013. In this articles, 182 studies on the synthesis of imidazoles are summerized. The Debus128;“Radziszewski imidazole synthesis have still recceived great attention of chemists and many articles have been published recently. Besides, a huge number of novel methods have also developed. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who are involved in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.

A copper oxide supported on silica (CuO/SiO2) catalyst has been prepared which catalyzes a three-component reaction between 2-aminobenzopenone, benzaldehyde, and ammonium hydroxide leading to a convenient synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinazoline. The main advantages of the process over the previous reports are room temperature reaction, selective formation of 1,2-dihydroquinazoline as a sole product, and recyclability of the catalyst. Seventeen derivatives with various substituents are prepared. The catalyst (fresh and recovered) has been fully characterized using HR-TEM, BET Surface area, XPS, FTIR, and XRD. The enhanced activity and selectivity of the catalyst (towards 1,2-dihydroquinazoline) is attributed to the formation of Cu-O-Si type surface structure which is also explained by the help of different analytical techniques. Further, the reaction was performed without a catalyst, with CuO and SiO2 separately. Based on catalyst characterization and experimental results a possible mechanism has been proposed and discussed thoroughly. Recovery and reusability of the catalyst have also been studied.