Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 27, Issue 13, 2023

In this work, the potential of supported ionic liquids-based biocatalysts was presented. Efforts are underway to identify suitable carrier matrices for biocatalytic reactions, considering the crucial role of surface morphology. Factors such as mechanical and thermal properties, surface area, pore volume, density, and functionalization potential are being carefully considered during selection. The correlation between carrier, enzyme, and il structures highlights the importance of constructing biocatalysts with exceptional catalytic activity. Enzymes immobilized on silp/sillp carriers generally exhibit enhanced activity compared to the native protein. Silp-type carriers improve process efficiency, enable easy separation and recycling of biocatalysts, and prolong the protein's lifespan.

1,4-dithian-2,5-dihydroxyl is the major source for the synthesis of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds such as thiophene and 1,3-thiazole derivatives, which these compounds are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agricultural industries. Sulfur-containing heterocycles, such as 2-aminothiophene, thiazolidine, oxothiazolidine, and thiazoles, can be comprehensively synthesized from dimerization of the derivatives of 1,4-dithian-2,5-dihydroxyl. FT-IR and NMR spectra of axial and equatorial conformations of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-dithian compound were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311++G** and M06-2X/aug-ccpVDZ computational methods. The topological properties of the electron charge density were calculated by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interactions/ reduced electron density gradient (NCI-RDG) theoretical methods. The obtained results of the analyses were also discussed in more detail. The results showed that the steric interactions are more prominent than the van der Waals interactions, and in both conformations, steric interactions are included in the middle of the 1,4-dithian ring and there is hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups and 1,4-dithian ring structure heteroatoms in the axial conformation while this interaction is not observed in the case of equatorial conformation. The presence of these interactions was confirmed using NBO analysis.

Fenamic acid-derived NSAIDs contain N-phenyl anthranilic acid as a pharmacophore with pKa ∼ 4, which is completely ionized at the physiological pH and is mainly excreted in the urine by hydroxylation or glucuronidation. The acid (-COOH) functionality in fenamic acid provides a template for their fenamate derivatization for the development of analogues based on amidation, esterification, and etherification. Besides the repurposing of fenamates as neuroprotective agents in unmodified form, several of their derivatives have been reported for the management of disease pathogenesis by regulating the responsible pathways. In this review, we discuss the chemical modification of fenamic acid and its medicinal chemistry thereof.

Owing to its momentous significance in the development of new medications, phenazine, and its analogues are successful heterocyclic scaffolds as well as essential building blocks for developing physiologically active chemicals. Traditionally, phenazine and its derivatives have been synthesized using chemical methods that involve toxic organic solvents, dangerous reagents, and the risk of hazardous metal contamination in the final products. These drawbacks have significantly limited the widespread application of phenazine derivatives in therapeutic treatments and the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, there is a growing demand for environmentally friendly methods that can address these challenges with less environmental damage. As a result, it is now possible to employ green and highly efficient methods for the synthesis of phenazine and its derivatives. These methods include mechanosynthesis, solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis, green solvent-based synthesis, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, microwave- assisted synthesis, and other similar approaches. In light of the fact that the phenazine backbone is a widely present biologically active component and the growing need to decrease the use of hazardous solvents, catalysts, and energy, this review has provided a summary of various sustainable and facile synthetic strategies of phenazine derivatives.

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) is easily prepared with ethylenediamine as the precursor to form a dendritic structure with a size of 1.4 -11.4 nm from generation 1 to 10. The terminal amino groups of PAMAM could be grafted active species, such as 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) or its derivatives, to integrate their photophysical properties into PAMAM as NI-PAMAM. With/without metals, the new dendritic platforms can be found for different applications, including but not limited to sensing, imaging, antibacterial, anticancer, and liquid crystal and battery matrix. By controlling the different generations of dendrimers, the precise size less than 10 nm can be realized. In this review, we a) provide an overview of the 1,8-naphthalimide-poly(amidoamine) dendritic platforms and b) prospect that functionalized dendrimers (high algebra) could act as 128;œnanoparticles128; with the precise size to bridge the gap between functional molecules and real nanoparticles.

Artemisia vulgaris is used to treat rheumatism, scabies, and trauma-related pain in traditional Vietnamese medicine. However, there is a lack of in vitro and in silico studies on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia vulgaris in Vietnam. This research was designed to evaluate the bioactivities of extracts and isolated flavonoids from this plant. The results indicated that crude extract (AVE) and sub-fractions (hexane - AVH; ethyl acetate - AVEA; and methanol - AVM) showed a strong suppression of nitric oxide creation and proinflammatory TNF-α secretion in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, AVE, AVEA, and AVH demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MICs of 2 mg/mL. Among five isolated flavonoids (1-5), apigenin (1) attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating TNF-a and NO production, while apigenin (1) and luteolin (2) were the effective inhibitors of MRSA and P. aeruginosa strains. These results are in accordance with in-silico molecular docking investigations. Among docking poses of compounds (1-5), pose 483, the best docking pose among 500 docking conformations of compound apigenin (1), has been docked to the 4WCU:PDB enzyme with the values of the binding affinity and inhibition constant of -7.27 Kcal.mol^-1 and 4.73 μM, respectively and proved to be the best anti-inflammatory compound that linked well to this enzyme and was responsible for explaining anti-inflammatory activity. In silico docking to explain why luteolin (2) inhibits bacteria via a general enzyme inhibition mechanism, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase: 2VF5. Luteolin (2) or pose 148 anchored well to 2VF5 with binding affinity and inhibition constants of -6.90 Kcal.mo^l-1 and 8.80 μM, respectively. The study demonstrated that apigenin, or pose 483, was an excellent anti-inflammatory compound with meta-hydroxy in ring B, while luteolin, or pose 148, with orto-hydroxy in ring B, exhibited good anti-bacterial activity.

New methods have been developed for the synthesis of the third representative of the homologous series of diamond-like hydrocarbons, triamantane, with a yield of up to 78%, by skeletal isomerization of iso-compositional endo-endo- and exo-exo-heptacyclo [9.6.1.0^2,10.0^3,8.0^4,6.0^5,9.0^12,17]octadecanes under the action of aluminate ionic liquids. For the first time, the synthesis and transformation of new C18H26 hydrocarbons - endo-exo- and exo-exo-hexacyclo[8.6.1.1^5,8.0^2,9.0^3,7.0^11,16]octadecanes into triamantane was carried out. It has been established that for the successful conversion of polycyclic hydrocarbons of the composition С18H26 containing two more hydrogen atoms in the molecule than in triamantane, the addition of Pd/C to the ionic liquid is necessary.