Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 24, Issue 2, 2020

In our present work, we emphasized on the potential of barbituric acid (1) derivatives as drugs like anti-bacterial, hypnotic, sedative, anti-microbial and antifungal agents. As naturally occurring, barbituric acid (1) is inactive but in the derivative form, it has a large number of medicinal uses and nowadays, it has a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Barbituric acid has a wide range of applications in the synthesis of a diverse class of compounds like heterocyclic, carbocyclic, synthetic alkaloids, and due to its broad-spectrum applications, barbituric acid acquired the position of building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Through the history of humanity, a number of bioactive agents have been applied to cure the disease related to hypnotics and sedatives, while the exact efficacy of these agents was found to be limited. Till now, review articles on barbituric acid only express their specific aspect but in present review article, all aspects are discussed in detail to provide a platform to readers and researchers so that they could obtain all information and background knowledge from a single point.

As one of the most important building blocks in organic synthesis, isocyanides come in for a wide range of transformations owing mostly to their unusual terminal carbon center adsorbed electrophiles, reacted with nucleophiles, get involved in radical reactions and coordinated with metal centers. The distinctive feature of isocyanide is its ready willingness to participate in multicomponent reactions (MCRs). MCRs represent a great tool in organic synthesis for the construction of new lead structures in a single procedure introducing both structural diversity and molecular complexity in only one step. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) have become a powerful approach for the synthesis of complex molecules providing high degree of atom and bond economy under very mild reaction conditions. The use of enantiomerically pure isocyanides can, in principle, bring about two advantages: (i) the possibility to obtain a stereochemically diverse adduct, controlling the absolute configuration of the starting isocyanide; and (ii) the possibility to induce diastereoselection in the multicomponent reaction. The most commonly-used IMCRs are the Ugi and Passerini reactions. Many published reviews have focused on the Ugi and Passerini reactions from different viewpoints, but this review describes advances in the application of chiral isocyanides in MCRs. The rationale for applying such diversity generating chemistries is also discussed.

The substitution reaction of glycal (1,2-unsaturated cyclic carbohydrate derivative) at C1 by allyl rearrangement in the presence of a catalyst is called Ferrier type-I rearrangement. 2,3-Unsaturated glycosides are usually obtained from glycals through Ferrier type-I rearrangement, and their potential biological activities have gradually attracted widespread attention of researchers. This review summarizes recent advances (2009- present) in the application of various types of catalysts to Ferrier type-I rearrangement reactions, including their synthesis, mechanism, and application of 2, 3-unsaturated glycosides.

In recent years, with the continuous depletion of traditional fossil energy, the research of new energy storage materials has become one of the important ways to solve the issue of energy depletion. Generally, in an energy storage system, lithium-ion battery (LIB) has been widely applied in electronic intelligent devices and electrical vehicles (EVs). In an energy conversion system, as the most promising green energy system, solar cells have become a hot research field for scientists. Most recently, oxocarbon organic conjugated compounds (OOCCs) have been widely used in LIBs and solar cells due to their advantages such as abundant raw materials, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. As in this paper, the research progress of LIBs and solar cells based on OOCCs is reviewed, the synthesis strategies of these organic energy storage/conversion materials are summarized and the future research direction of organic energy materials is also prospected.

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine was prepared at room temperature in a catalyst- free medium with moderate yield and characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction techniques. Two possible mechanistic routes were suggested for its formation. Route 1 entails attack by the N of the amine on the imidate carbon followed by Dimroth rearrangement after cyclization. Route 2 is the nucleophilic attack by the amine on the CN function followed by cyclization to pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation studies of the two proposed reaction pathways illustrated that the Route 2 reaction was more likely than that of Route 1.