Current Organic Chemistry - Volume 24, Issue 11, 2020

Background: The complex photochemistry of aryl azides has fascinated scientists for several decades. Spectroscopists have investigated the intermediates formed by different analytical techniques. Theoretical chemists have explained the intrinsic interplay of intermediates under different experimental conditions. Objective & Methods: A complete understanding of the photochemistry of a given fluoro aryl azide is a basic requisite for its use in chemistry. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis of several fluoro substituted aryl azides and the reactions and intermediates generated upon photolysis and thermolysis of these azides and some examples of their applications in photoaffinity labeling and organic synthesis. Conclusion: In spite of the extensive research on the photochemistry of fluoro aryl azides, there are some areas that remain to be investigated. The application of this reaction in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds has not been fully studied. Since fluorophenyl azides are known to undergo C-H and N-H insertion reactions, they could be used to prepare new fluorinated molecules or in the biochemical process known as photoaffinity labeling.

In this review article, we present the latest research in the field of ionic liquids containing biologically active anions and cations, their potential application in the field of agrochemistry and agriculture. The article describes examples of the use of ionic liquids as herbicides, fungicides, antimicrobial agents, deterrents and plant growth stimulants. It also indicates the advantages and disadvantages of using ionic liquids, such as their multitasking, toxicity, thermal stability and solubility in water in comparison with commercial chemicals. Readers will find in the article the prospects for the use of ionic liquids in agriculture, as well as the high value of using ILs as multifunctional biologically active substances.

Pyrroles are the most prevalent heterocyclic compounds, which are present as the basic cores in many natural products, such as vitamin B12, bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, the porphyrins of heme, chlorophyll, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and porphyrinogens. The biological activities of compounds having pyrrole analogs include antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), anti-cancer (anti-cytotoxic, antimitotic), anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiproliferative, anti-HIV and anti-viral activities. Accordingly, significant attention has been paid to develop competent methods for the synthesis of pyrroles with improved yields in short times. This review gives an overview of different methods for the synthesis of pyrrole using easily available precursors using the following routes. - Synthesis of monosubstituted pyrrole using 2,5-dimethoxyfuran - Synthesis of pyrrole using dialkylacetylene dicarboxylate -Synthesis of pyrroles using β-ketoester -Synthesis of pyrrole using 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds -Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds -Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,3-dicarbonyl, amine, nitro and aldehyde group -Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,4-dicarbonyl compound and amines -Synthesis of pyrrole using enones - Synthesis of pyrroles using moieties having acetylene group

The C-Se bond forming reactions are attractive synthetic strategies for biochemists and synthetic chemists alike for the synthesis of various molecules that are of biological, pharmaceutical and material interest. Therefore, the design and synthesis of organoselenium compounds currently constitute engaging fundamental problems in applied chemistry both in pharmaceutical and academic laboratories. This review discusses the recent works reported in carbon–selenium cross-coupling reactions with the emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions. The reacting species, the addition of ligands, selection of catalysts, use of suitable solvents, proper setting of reaction time, are well discussed to understand the detailed mechanism. Various simple, economical and environmentally friendly protocols are demonstrated, which ensured product stability, low toxicity, environmentally benign and excellent reactivity for the synthesis of organoselenium compounds. This review covers the scientific literature from 2010 to 2019.

Compounds containing 4H-1,3-benzo-xazine core usually possess characteristic features and have been applied in the fields of organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research, materials science and bioscience. Here we reported convenient and direct access to 4H-1,3- benzo-xazines and their derivatives through intramolecular cyclization of olefinic amides or ureas with good to excellent yields in the presence of TMSOTf. The properties (mild conditions, metal or additives-free, wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance) of the process made it a promising strategy to synthesize various benzo-xazines and their derivatives.